中国绿豆核心种质资源在不同环境下的表型变异及生态适应性评价

Adaptability and Phenotypic Variation of Agronomic Traits in Mungbean Core Collection under Different Environments in China

明确我国绿豆种质资源在不同生态条件下的表型变异及生态适应性,可有效提高其在遗传育种中的利用效率。本研究分别在北京海淀、河北唐山和河南南阳3个生态环境下开展了绿豆核心种质农艺性状的评价。结果表明,绿豆生长习性、结荚习性受生态环境的影响较大,其中仅39.4%的种质在3个试点均表现直立生长;并非所有直立生长的种质均具有限结荚习性。绿豆核心种质在各试点均能成熟,但生育期、株高、主茎分枝等数量性状在试点间差异较大;不同种质在试点间的变化趋势存在差异,并据此筛选出适宜不同生态区域的优异种质26份,以备当地生产利用。混合线性模型分析表明,不同性状的基因型、环境互作等效应存在差异,其中基因型效应在荚长(0.57)、百粒重(0.51)的变异中占重要比率,环境效应在生育期(0.39)的变异中占较大比例,而剩余效应则是主茎分枝(0.62)、单株荚数(0.53)、单荚粒数(0.70)等性状的重要影响因子。最后根据不同绿豆种质农艺性状对生态条件反应的差异,筛选出综合农艺性状均具一定环境稳定性的种质4份,以供广适性育种利用。

Mungbean （Vigna radiata L. Wilczek） is an important traditional pulse crop in China. However, its genetic breeding is much lagged. There are abundant mungbean germplasm resources conserved in the national gene bank. It is essential to evaluate diversity and adaptability of germplasm resources for their accelerating use in genetic breeding. In the present study, we assessed the genetic variations and environmental adaptability of mungbean core collection at Haidian of Beijing, Tangshan of Hebei, and Nanyang of Henan, respectively. The results showed that growth habit and podding habit were affected by eco-environments, but they were not always agreeable with each other, some erect materials in growth were indeterminate in podding, and some erect in growth in south region performed climbing in north regions. All accessions in the core collection were mature at different eco-regions, but their growth period, plant height, number of branch per plant, number of pod per plant, number of seed per pod, pod length and 100-seed-weight, varied greatly in different regions. Based on these quantitative traits, we selected 26 germplasm as elite ones that may be useful for local production or breeding. According to the Mixed linear model, the effects of genetic composition for the seven quantitative traits were also analyzed. The results showed that there were differences among accessions and environment effects, and the genotypic effects were higher on pod length and 100-seed weight than on other traits, while en- vironmental effects was the highest on growth period. The residual effect was the highest on the number of seeds per pod, while the interaction effect between genotypes or phenotypes not significant for any two of the seven traits. The environmental adapta- bility for all the traits was also analyzed by using Jackknife repeated sampling, and four useful in breeding for variety with wide adaptability were selected.