水凝胶/金属纳米粒子复合物的制备及其在催化反应中的应用

Preparing Composite of Hydrogels with Metal Nanoparticles and Its Application as Catalyst

金属纳米粒子的表面效应使其在有机催化方面具有广阔的应用前景,但由于金属纳米粒子易团聚而降低了其催化活性,解决金属纳米粒子的团聚问题具有重要的实际意义。水凝胶具有三维网状结构和大量的功能基团,可用于金属纳米粒子催化剂的制备,有利于金属纳米粒子的分散与固定以及提高金属粒子的回收率与重复使用性。本文主要综述了水凝胶(天然水凝胶与合成水凝胶)负载金属纳米粒子复合物的制备及其催化性能的研究,对影响复合催化剂性能的因素进行总结,最后对其存在的问题和将来可能的发展方向进行展望。

Metal nanoparticles can be used as catalyst in various chemical reactions, especially in the decomposition of the toxic such as dyes, pesticides and so on. It is significant to prevent the aggregation of metal nanoparticles caused by the higher surface energy. Hydrogels with 3-dimention network structure is a soft solid- like material. The utilization of environmentally benign hydrogel networks provides two advantages： one is a template in which metal nanoparticles prepared are prevented from aggregation, and the other one is the properties of recovery and reuse of metal nanoparticles are sharply enhanced by incorporating them into hydrogels. In this review, we mainly focus on the preparation methods and performances of hydrogel/metal nanoparticles composite catalysts from two aspects： natural hydrogels and synthetic hydrogels. Based on the work of our own laboratory, the effects of the performances of hydrogel/metal nanoparticles composite catalysts are summarized as well as the existing problems and further research directions are discussed.