全氟和多氟化合物环境问题研究

Study of Per-and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances Related Environmental Problems

全氟和多氟化合物(PFASs)是一类具有重要应用价值的含氟有机化合物,许多全氟和多氟化合物难以光解、水解和被生物降解,因此具有环境持久性,并可沿食物链累积放大。2009年5月9日,全氟辛烷磺酸(PFOS)及其盐和全氟辛烷磺酰氟被正式列入持久性有机污染物(POPs)名单,由此全氟和多氟化合物成为近年最受关注的新型污染物,其环境问题研究进入到了新的广度和深度。本文将就其分析方法、环境存在、生物累积放大效应、人体暴露和健康效应、新型全氟和多氟化合物等方面的研究,特别是2009年PFOS等被纳入POPs公约以来取得的研究新进展,进行较为全面的综述,并在此基础上对有关发展趋势进行展望。

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances （PFASs） are widely used in numerous industrial and commercial products due to their unique hydrophobic, oil-repellence and high surface activity. In recent years they have been detected in various environmental matrix and become the widespread organic pollutants. Based on their ubiquitous distribution, persistence and bioaccumulation, the per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances have attracted remarkable attention from related scientists and organizations. The fourth meeting of the Conference of the Parties of the Stockholm Convention （SC） on Persistent Organic Pollutants （POPs） held at the Geneva in May, 2009, has decided to place perfluorooctane sulfonic acid, its salts and perfluorooctane sulfonyl fluoride into Annex B of the convention. From then on, the perfluorinated chemicals as new emerging contaminants, have received great attention, and the research about their environmental problems has come to a new stage of development. This paper reviews the research progress on the analytical method, environmental distribution and behavior, bioaccumulation and biomagnification, human exposure and healthy effect, emerging analogues of PFASs. The emphasis be laid on the advances achieved after perfluorooctane sulfonic acid, its salts and perfluorooctane sulfonyl fluoride were listed into Annex B of the convention. The current critical areas of research that warrant further attention are also discussed.