铁路罐车(箱)容积三维激光扫描测量方法

3D Laser Scanning Measurement Method for the Volume of Railway Tank Car(Container)

根据激光测距技术和精密分度技术原理研究铁路罐车(箱)容积三维激光扫描测量方法。采用处理与控制机驱动高频激光发射器在水平方向、滤光镜在垂直方向按照预定分度旋转,再由数据采集装置将滤光镜的转角和激光接收器接收到的罐壁反射激光等信号数据传输给处理与控制机,计算激光脉冲的飞行距离和激光束转角,从而获得高准确度的罐壁三维坐标点云数据,并对这些数据进行去噪和简化等处理,然后对罐体进行空间三角网格建模、置平和切分,计算各个切分块的体积,最后得到罐体的容积表。与传统的容量比较法、几何测量法比较,采用三维激光扫描测量方法测量铁路罐车和罐式集装箱的容积,测量准确度高,测量扩展不确定度优于3×10-3(k=2);对罐壁材质和扫描环境的适应性较强,测量自动化程度及作业安全性高,劳动强度小。

The 3D laser scanning measurement method for the volume of railway tank car （container） was developed based on the principles of laser ranging technology and precision indexing technology.The processing and control unit controls the laser which emits laser beam with high frequencies to rotate horizontally and controls the filter to rotate vertically according to planning angle division,then the data acquisition unit transmits the data of the rotating angle of the filter and the laser beam which are reflected from the inner surface of the tank and received by the receiver to the processing and control unit.The flight distance and rotating angles of the laser beam are computed,so the dense and accurate point clouds of the tank shell are obtained.Firstly,the cleaning,smoothing,mending and condensing of the point clouds are done.Secondly,the prepared point cloud is meshed to 3D model and its original level is normalized,and then the model is cut to quantities of sections and the volume of each section and the total are calculated.Lastly,the tank capacity table is output.By comparisons with traditional volumetric comparison method and geometric method,the result of the 3D laser scanning measurement method for the volume of railway tank car and tank container is accurate,and the expanded measurement uncertainty is 3× 10-3 （k=2）.Furthermore,it has good adaptability to different tank shell materials and conditions,high automation,high safety and low labor strength.