从身份到契约:城镇化建设中农民身份的转变

From Status to Contract:New Thinking on Rural Social Governance

在农村社会中,农民经济身份被固化为"农村集体经济组织成员",社会身份被固化为"农村居民"。农民身份的固化,在经济发展层面不利于农民权利的保护和农业产业化的发展,在社会治理领域则不利于农民自主地位的保障和善治目标的达成。在农村社会治理中实现"从身份到契约"的转变,一方面需要将"农村集体经济组织成员"转变为"市民",使之成为农业生活活动中具有独立身份的主体;另一方面需要将"农村居民"转变为"公民",使之具备社会治理主体之地位,能够通过自治组织实现自我管理。

In China, the farmers＇ status, fixed in business activities and social management currently, is so- lidified as ＂rural collective economic organization members＂ in economic activities and ＂rural residents＂ in social governance. The solidification of farmers＇ identity, on the economic development level, is not con- ducive to guarantee farmers＇ rights and promote agricultural industrialization, and, on the social govern- ance level, to protect farmers＇ autonomous status and achieve good governance. Therefore, to achieve the shift from identity to contract in rural social governance, on the one hand, ＂rural collective economic or- ganizations＂ need to be changed into ＂civilians＂, which enables farmers to be a party of independent identi- ty in agricultural production. Meanwhile, ＂rural residents＂ should be transformed into ＂citizens＂, which enables farmers to become a party of social governance and to achieve self-governance.