从冯惟敏及其剧作《僧尼共犯》看晚明曲家嘲佛之风

On Trend of Taunt of Buddhism in Late Ming Dynasty from FENG Wei-min and His Play Seng Ni Gong Fan

冯惟敏一生狷介耿直,以儒立身。其剧作《僧尼共犯》以调笑的笔法批判了让人断欲绝爱的佛教教义,从侧面反映出晚明丛林窳滥的社会现状,塑造了具有一定人性解放姿态的主人公形象。冯惟敏的嘲佛心理一方面源于其根深蒂固的儒家思想,另一方面则与晚明时代风潮有关。晚明曲家的嘲佛之风可以从政治因素、佛门乱象、佛学创新力和佛教教义四个方面探究原因。

FENG Wei-min was upright and believed in Confucianism. His play Seng Ni Gong Fang with a mocking tune, criticized the Buddhist teachings which require people to abandon the desire, partly reflec- ted the Buddhist corruption in late Ming Dynasty, and meanwhile shaped the heroes who had sort of awareness of humanity liberation. FENG Wei-min＇s taunt of Buddhism originated from the strongly rooted Confucianism and meanwhile was influenced by the era. Such trend of criticizing Buddhism in the late Ming Dynasty could be traced back to politic fact, Buddhist reality, Buddhism innovation, and Buddhism doctrines.