诗无达诂,得其句例则达诂——俞正燮《诗经》学论略

The Book of Songs can not be Accurately Explained unless Illustrative Sentences are Obtained——A study on Yu Zhengxie's view on The Book of Songs

清嘉道间朴学家俞正燮,治学善于上挂下联,归纳句例;逐层推论,多方类比;博取古今,打通经史。俞氏在大量考据实践的基础上提出"诗无达诂,得其句例则达诂"的治《诗》通则,克服了前人孤立思考、缺乏整体思维的"循文立训"的治《诗》方法的局限性,纠正了无条件使用"诗无达诂"说解《诗》的主观穿凿和随意附会之弊。其上承戴震之绪而光大之,向下则开启了胡适的新考据学,可视为新时期科学《诗经》学之先声。

During the reigns of Emperor researcher Yu Zhengxie who was good at Jiaqing and Emperor Daoguang of the Qing Dynasty, textual making associations and inductions, making inferences and analogies, and mastered ancient and modern learning, put forward a general rule for the study on The Book of Songs based on a great deal of textual research practice： It can not be accurately explained unless illustrative sentences are obtained. This view shatters the limitation of ＂interpreting The Book of Songs in the context＂ which features isolated thinking and lacks overall thinking, and corrects the wrong unconditional using of ＂The Book of Songs can not be accurately explained＂ as an excuse for distortion. This view not only inherits Dai Zhen＇s idea, but also affects Hu Shi＇s new textual criticism, thus can be seen as a harbinger of the scientific study on The Book of Songs in the new historical period.