有机无机肥配施对潜育化水稻土的改良效应

The improvement effect of the combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers on gleyed paddy soil

为探索潜育化水稻土改良培肥措施,采用田间试验研究了工程排水条件下有机无机肥配施对潜育化低产水稻土的改良效应。结果显示：有机无机肥配施增加了早、晚稻的有效分蘖数。在早稻齐穗期,与CK和NPK处理相比,有机无机肥配施的叶绿素（SPAD值）均显著增加。有机无机肥配施显著增加了晚稻的产量,与NPK处理相比,产量增加了10.0%-23.7%;其中早稻配施紫云英、晚稻配施猪粪处理产量最高。在工程排水基础上,配施有机肥处理在早、晚稻收获时耕层土壤还原物质总量分别比单施化肥处理减少了15.0%-25.3%和32.5%-37.5%。这表明,在工程排水条件下,配施一定的有机肥可以明显提高潜育化稻田水稻产量,降低表层土壤还原物质总量,对改良潜育化水稻土有明显作用。

The gleyed paddy soil is a main kind of low-yield paddy soil in south China, which affects the rice yield greatly. A field experiment was carried out to discover the improvement effect of the combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers on the soil total amounts of reducing substances and rice growth traits under ditch drainage condition. The results showed that combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers could improve the tiller number in early and late rice. The tiller number per plant of the treatments combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers was increased by 38. 1% -56. 8% compared to CK at 42 days after transplanting in early rice, and 27.9% -37. 3% to NPK. The tiller per plant in combination of organic and inorganic fertilizers was increased by 8.5% - 14. 6% compared to CK and 7. 7% - 13.7% to NPK in 96 days after transplanting in late rice. However, there was no significant difference among 3 kinds of organic fertilizers. The grain yield of rice in combination of organic and inorganic fertilizers increased 29. 6% - 45.9% compared to CK, and 10. 0%- 23.7% to NPK. Moreover, the treatment of combined application of green manure and N, P, K fertilizers in early rice and combined application of pig manure and N, P, K fertilizers in late rice got the highest grain yield in all the treatments. Under the engineering measures of ditch drainage, the soil total amounts of reducing substances of the treatment combined application of green manure and N, P, K fertilizers was reduced by 23. 1% -32. 5% compared to CK, and reduced by 15.0% -25.3% to NPK in early rice. In late rice, the soil total amounts of reducing substances of the treatment combined application of pig manure and N, P, K fertilizers was reduced by 32. 5% - 37. 5% compared to CK. The results suggested that combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers under the engineering measures of ditch drainage could improve the grain yield of rice and reduce the soil total amounts of reducing substances in gleyed paddy soil in Poyang lake region.