德国社会市场经济模式及战后经济政策变迁刍议

The Social Market Economy and Transformation of Germany's Economic Policy after the Second World War

在各种因素作用下,一种注重社会的特殊类型市场经济,即"根据市场经济规则运行,但辅以与市场规律相适应的社会政策,来有意识地将社会目标纳入"的经济制度-社会市场经济模式于二战后在联邦德国确立。这一理念的核心是竞争秩序。但是,作为一种实用的经济政策理念,社会市场经济并不是既定和一成不变的,须在经济理性与社会关怀相结合的原则下与不断变化的社会环境相适应,成为一个各种社会目标"共容"、不断演化和开放的经济社会秩序。因此,这一模式的经济政策实践从一开始就处于各种力量博弈的极大张力之下,在不同历史时期会呈现出不同、甚至异化的表现形态。

Owing to a variety of factors,the social market economy,a special type of market economy which takes social elements into account,was established in the Federal Republic of Germany after the Second World War.Founded on market rules and supplemented by the social policy in conformity with the law of market,this economic system incorporates social objectives consciously.With competitive order as its core principle,the idea of social market economy,however,takes a rather flexible form.Based on a combination of the principles of economic rationality and social concerns and adapting continuously to a variety of social environments,it has finally turned itself into an open and adjustable economic order containing various social objectives.This situation,however,places the implementation of the social market economy under the great tensions of the struggles among diverse powers,leading to the diversified and even alienated forms that this model took in different periods.