从黑格尔到《资本论》:现代性矛盾的调和与超越

From Hegel to Das Kapital:Reconciliation and Transcendence of Contradiction in Modernity

黑格尔对《资本论》的影响,不仅是方法论或体系建构上的外在影响,而且是问题意识、理论视野与思维方式层面的内在影响。马克思沿着黑格尔的现代性分裂与和解的思路不断深究,通过对《法哲学原理》《精神现象学》与《逻辑学》等著作的批判性解读,进一步揭示出现代性及其启蒙精神扎根于市民社会的经济异化之中,并服从于资本统治,由此便真正抓住了现代性矛盾的要害。从黑格尔《精神现象学》到马克思《资本论》,标志着西方现代性批判思想的一个极为关键的发展:在总体性视野中审视现代性,并从现代性分裂的精神和解走向资本统治的自我克服,从乐观调和的理论思辨走向改变世界的革命实践。

The influence of Hegel upon Das Kapital lies not only at the external influence of methodology or construction of system, but also at internal influence, such as consciousness of problem, theoretical scope, and way of thinking. Karl Marx takes the route of Hegel, through a continuous study and a critical decoding on Elements of the Philosophy of Right, The Phenomenology of Mind, and Science of Logic, reveals that modernity and its spirit of enlightenment are deeply rooted in the economical alienation of civil society, and are subject to the rule of the capitals, hence hits the heart of the contradiction in modernity. From Hegel tO Marx, it marks an extremely critical development of criticism in Western idea of modernity, i.e., to exam modernity in a total view, and to seek a self-overcoming of the rule of capital by reconciliation of spirit in its modern split, and to take a way from theoretical reasoning for an optimistic reconciliation to the revolutionary practice of changing the world.