经济学转向与重构——模型、事实与社会实在论

The Turning Direction and Reconstruction of Economics——Model,Facts and Social Realism

经济学在三百多年的发展史上经历了多次转向,其研究纲领、理论范式和研究方法在转向中不断得到充实和完善,逐渐成为社会科学中的显学。然而,"边际革命"之后,在经济学流派纷争中,尤其是在崇尚"自由放任"的自由主义经济学与主张政府干预的凯恩斯主义经济学的相互角力中,经济学的话语体系和表达方式发生了潜移默化的转变。主流经济学在崇尚成为"一般化理论"和"硬科学"的同时,逐渐淡忘了事实、历史和制度,陷入追求数学化、模型化和形式美的工具主义泥淖。经济学对现实世界的解释力下降,需要进行重新建构。经济学重构需要坚持经济学的社会科学属性,关注现实世界,解释和分析现实经济中出现的现象、事实和问题,处理好经济研究中的假设、模型、事实、制度和历史的关系,突出经济学多元视角,逐步构建合作经济学,形成经济学研究的合作范式。

Economics has gone through several turnings in the history of 300 years. However, in the mutual wrestling between liberal economics which is advocating ＂laissez-faire＂ and Keynes economics which is advocating government intervention, the discourse system and expression means of economics changed unaware. At the same time of advocating being a ＂general theory＂ and ＂hard science＂, the mainstream economics forget the fact, history and system, and stuck in the instrumentalism mire which pursuits of mathematics and the beauty of form. The ability of explanation to the real world of economics declined and it need to be reconstruction.