52例院内肺栓塞患者临床分析

Clinical analysis of 52 hospitalized patients with pulmonary embolism

目的通过对肺栓塞患者的临床资料进行分析，提高对该疾病危险因素和临床特点的认识。方法选择2012年6月～2013年10月在重庆医科大学附属第一医院治疗的肺栓塞患者52例临床资料，对肺栓塞的临床特点进行分析。结果①40～〈50岁、50～〈60岁、60～〈70岁和70～〈80岁4个年龄段肺栓塞发生率分别为13．46％、17．31％、34．62％、17-31％，平均发病年龄为（59．1±14．4）岁，其中男女发病年龄差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。②肺栓塞患者合并的基础疾病依次为合并感染性疾病者34例（65．38％），下肢深静脉血栓形成13例（25，00％），高血压13例（25．00％），慢性阻塞性肺病11例（21．15％），肿瘤8例（15-38％），冠心病6例（11．54％），骨折3例（5．77％）。③合并症状依次为呼吸困难41例（78．85％），胸痛25例（48．08％），咳嗽18例（34．62％），咯血8例（15．38％），心悸6例（11．54％），晕厥5例（9．62％）。结论肺栓塞的发病年龄仍以中老年为主；临床表现多样化且缺乏特异性，住院患者尤其是合并肺部感染、心脑血管疾病、外伤、手术、肿瘤者较易出现。

Objective To improve the understanding of the clinical features and risk factors for pulmonary embolism （PE）. Methods The clinical data of 52 cases with PE from June 2012 to October 2013 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University were selected, the clinical characteristics of PE was analyzed. Results ①The incidence of PE in the age range of 40-〈50 years old, 50-〈60 years old, 60-〈70 years old, 70-〈80 years old were 13.46%, 17.31%, 34.62%, 17.31% respectively, the average age were （59.1±14.4） years old; the difference of onset age in male and female was not statistically significant （P 〉 0.05）. ②The basis of disease： 34 cases （65.38%） of infectious diseases, 13 eases （25.00%） of extremity deep venous thrombosis, 13 cases （25.00%） of high blood pressure, 11 cases （21.15%） of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 8 cases （15.38%） of tumor, 6 cases （11.54%） of coronary heart disease, 3 cases （5.77%） of bone fracture were found.③Merging symptom： 41 cases （78.85%） of expiratory dyspnea, 25 cases （48.08%） of thoracalgia, 18 cases （34.62%） of cough, 8 cases （15.38%） of hemoptysis, 6 cases （11.54%） of palpitation, 5 cases （9.62%） of syncope were found. Conclusion The onset of PE is still mainly in middle-age and old age, the clinical manifestations is various and lack of specificity, and hospitalized patients especially those who have infections in lung, heart and cerebrovascular diseases, trauma, surgery or tumor would cause PE more easily.