小儿食道异物原因分析及预防

Pediatric esophageal foreign body Cause Analysis and Prevention

目的：通过206例小儿食管异物临床资料,分析食道异物发生的相关原因,如异物的种类、好发年龄以及患儿生活环境,探讨小儿食道异物的预防,减少小儿食道异物的发病.方法：食管异物206例,其中男129例,女77例,年龄4个月～13岁.通过自制调查表,调查患儿的异物种类、好发年龄以及生活环境.所有患者均行x线检查确诊.绝大多数患者（92.3％）通过食道镜取出异物.结果：小儿食道异物多发生在玩耍时,好发年龄为1,7岁的幼儿及学龄前,男女比例为1.7：1,而异物种类以金属硬币多见,好发人群主要为农村或进城务工人员孩子.结论：食管异物是可以预防的,据本组病历来看,可以从以下几点来预防：提高社区医疗的宣传力度,针对此组病例特点对农村,特别是农村进城务工人员宣传对金属硬币的合理管理,不要随便丢弃及放置,就可以预防70％的小儿食道异物的发生,向父母及保育员进行宣教,主要加强婴幼儿及学龄前儿童,特别是男孩看护,又可以预防一部分病例的发生.

Objective By 206 cases of esophageal foreign bodies in children clinical data the related causes of esophageal lorelei body was analyzed, such as the type of foreign body, a good age and hying environment for children to explore the pediatric esophageal foreign body to prevent and reduce the incidence of pediatric esophageal foreign body. Method 206 cases of esophageal foreign bodies, male 129 cases ,female 77 cases ,aged 4 months to 13 years old. Through self- questionnaire survey of children with foreign body type ,a good age and living environment. All patients underwent x - ray examination. Most the object of the patients （92.3%） through esophagc：copy was re- moved. Results Pediatric esophageal foreign body occurred in the play,at the age of 1 -7 years old and preschool to female ratio was 1.7： 1, and the foreign body type was more common metal coins, a good crowd was mainly rural or city workers child. Conclusion Esophageal foreign body can be prevented, according to the group medical point of view, can be prevented from the following： improving community health propaganda, characteristic for this group of patients in rural areas, especially rural migrant workers advocacy for metal coins rational management, do not casually discarded and placed, it can prevent 70% of the incidence of esophageal foreign body in children, parents and caregivers to carry out missions, mainly to strengthen infants and preschool children, especially boys, care, and can prevent some cases happen.