地学研究中的集成建模环境综述

Review of Integrated Modeling Environment in Earth Research

利用多学科模型从整体上来综合评价、管理环境,已经成为一个趋势。但由于环境研究的复杂性和跨学科性,以及已有模型的单一性、针对性,需要建立一个能够支持多学科模型构建和集成的建模框架,来支持综合模型集成研究。自90年代初期基于GIS技术的模型集成框架首先在水文研究中应用开始,建模框架随后在水文、水资源、生态、土地、污染、气候、经济、社会研究中得到快速发展。建模框架从针对性和支持单一模型向支持多模型构建与集成的集成建模框架发展。建模框架自身发展经历了基于GIS技术、面向对象技术、基于组件技术(部分包含语义技术)和面向服务技术(包括语义技术)的四个阶段。目前已经积累的不同结构特点、支持不同领域研究的许多集成建模框架,已经形成了地学e-Science研究的一个关键基础。为了有效的利用和开发适宜地学具体领域应用的集成建模框架,有必要梳理和回顾集成建模框架的发展,也有必要对集成建模框架的未来发展趋势进行分析,为地学模型集成研究的框架选择提供参考。

It has become a trend that multidisciplinary models are used to support environment evaluation and management. However, due to the complexities and cross-disciplinary nature of environmental research, in addition to the simplicity and speciifcity of existing models, an integrated modeling environment is needed to support model construction and model integration crossing disciplines. Since the application of model integration frameworks in hydrological research based on GIS in the early 1990s, modeling frameworks are getting rapid development in the areas like hydrology, water resources, ecology, land use, pollution, climate, economy and social research. Modeling frameworks are turning from single model developing environment to integrated, supporting multidisciplinary model construction. The modeling framework has experienced four stages from the point of view of technology： GIS-based, object-oriented, component-based （partly including semantics） and service-oriented （semantics included）. Now many frameworks have been developed with different structures in different domains. Therefore it is necessary to collect and sort out various frameworks, to review and analyze development and trend of the frameworks, so as to develop and make full use of domain speciifc frameworks, and provide advice to selection of the frameworks for supporting environment study and management.