冀东生态区主要夏玉米自交系种质基础及一般配合力效应的比较研究

Comparison Studies of Germplasm and General Combining Ability (GCA)Effective Value of Major Summer Maize Inbred Lines Developed in East Hebei Ecological Region

通过对冀东生态区两个时期选育应用的主要夏玉米自交系的种质基础及配合力效应的比较,应用6×10不完全双列杂交模式进行了分析。研究结果表明,80年代末90年代初与70年代末80年代初的玉米自交系单株叶面积、叶向值、叶片保绿度、光合速率、叶绿素含量等光合及农艺性状的一般配合力显著提高。部分经济性状,如生物产量、单株产量、穗重、穗长等一般配合力也十分显著。除此之外,虽然有些自交系性状如收获指数、雄穗长度的一般配合力有所下降或不明显,但综合起来这些改良和配合力的变化,除了对杂交种的光合生理,农艺、经济等性状有积极作用,还对提高杂交种产量、增强抗逆性、降低成本有重要作用。研究结果认为,冀东生态区的夏玉米有种,应当在重视产量、抗病性、抗倒性等传统性状的基础上,更加重视光合生理性状的改善和配合力的提高,尤其是秃尖度配合力效应值增加,更应引起高度的重视。此外,自交系的种质基础和选育方法要有创新,要和光合生理等性状改良综合起来,才是冀东夏玉米育种的必由之路。

The GCA of major summer maize inbred lines selected in East Hebei had been studied by 6 × 10 partially dialled cross method. The GCA of the traits such as leaf area,leaf orientation, grade of green leaf,photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll content increased remarkably. For some economic traits, GCA also increased. In addition, generally speaking, although GCA of some traits like harvest index and tissal length decreased indistinctively, they played an important role in increasing seed production, stress resistance and reducing cost. Therefore, heredity improvement of summer inbred lines in East Hebei should be based on the traditional traits,especially the photosynthetic and physiology traits, and GCA of the barren tip rate should be stressed. Moreover, it is important and essential to match with the other traits improvements like photosynthetic rate,This is the only way for the creation of maize germplasm and breeding method of East Hebei summer maize hybrid breeding.