基于冷热电一体化的舱外航天服生命保障系统性能

Performance of extravehicular spacesuit life-support system based on cooling-heat-power integration

基于质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)和热驱制冷,提出一种舱外航天服生命保障系统冷热电一体化方案.在分别建立金属储氢装置、PEMFC、热驱制冷系统和辐射散热器数学模型的基础上,利用冷热电一体化的热力学分析理论和方法进行了典型案例的计算,并重点分析了核心构件热驱制冷装置的参数对舱外航天服生命保障系统性能的影响.与传统的冷热电分产舱外航天服生命保障系统比较,该系统仅消耗84.6g氢气,且不需要向空间排放工质,能源利用率高达85.29%,在工质消耗与能源利用率上有较大的优势.

Based on the study of proton exchange membrane fuel cell （PEMFC） and heat driven cooling technologies, an extravehicular spacesuit life-support system resulting from cooling-heat-power integration was presented. A typical case was calculated using the ther modynamic analysis theories and cooling-heat-power integration methods on the basis of mathematics of metal hydrogen storage, PEMFC, heat driven cooling system and radiation cooling device. The influence of the core components on the performance of the integration system was deeply analyzed. Compared with the typical spacesuit life-supported system based on cool, heat, power systems separated from each other, this system only consumes 84.6 g of hydrogen without loss of working materials, and the energy efficiency is as high as 85.29%. This combined system has a greater advantage in the loss of working materials and energy efficiency.