老年住院患者营养风险和营养治疗情况分析

Malnutritional risk and nutritional support in geriatric inpatients

目的探讨老年住院患者营养不良的发生率及营养治疗和干预途径情况。方法对2010年7月至2012年i月在我院老年示范病房新收入院的老年患者（≥65岁）应用简易营养评价法简表（MNA—SF）进行营养风险评估，并对营养支持治疗及其途径情况进行总结。结果共纳入179例患者，其中营养不良者42例（23．5％），有营养不良风险者55例（30．7％）；根据临床情况共有45例进行了营养治疗，其中50．0％营养不良者和29．1％营养不良风险者接受营养治疗。营养途径选择情况，肠内营养、肠外营养、肠内肠外联合营养治疗的患者比例为4．4：1．0：1．0。结论老年住院患者营养不良的发生率较高，需要常规进行营养风险评估。老年人营养不良的治疗需要包括营养治疗及针对病因的综合干预治疗，营养干预途径以肠内营养为主。

Objective To investigate the prevalence of malnutrition and nutritional support and interventions in geriatric inpatients. Methods The elderly patients （aged ≥ 65 years）from the geriatric demonstration ward were consecutively enrolled from July 2010 to January 2012. Mini- Nutritional Assessment-short form （MNA-SF） was performed after admission, and data of nutritional support were collected. Results A total of 179 patients were enrolled in this study. According to MNA-SF, 42 cases （23.5%）were rated as malnutrition, and 55 cases （30.7%） were rated as at risk of malnutrition. Totally, 45 patients received nutritional support. 50.0% （21/42） patients with malnutrition, and 29.10%（16/55） patients at risk of malnutrition received nutritional support. As to the route of nutrition therapy, the ratio of the enteral to parenteral to combination of enteral and parental nutrition was 4.4 ： 1.0 ： 1.0. Conclusions The incidence of malnutrition is high in the geriatric inpatients, and routine nutritional risk screening and assessment are essential for the elderly patients. Nutritional support and other comprehensive treatment are in great need, and the enteral nutrition is appropriate and preferred.