从分权化、市场化到全球化——改革开放以来江苏省城镇化的历程与特征

From Decentralization, Maketization to Globalization:The Process and Characteristics of the Urbanization in Jiangsu Province since the Reform in China

对城镇化的观察和研究需要一个多尺度的视角。基于中国当前的地域特征和制度建构,省是研究城镇化特征与机制的最佳空间单元。江苏省作为中国东部沿海发达地区的明星省份,是改革开放30年中国发展的缩影。江苏省从初级到高级的这一完整的城镇化发展过程,为观察中国城镇化的阶段、特征以及机制提供了一个非常好的案例。分权化、市场化和全球化是中国30多年来保持经济高速增长的制度基础,分权化、市场化和全球化依次主导、叠加进而复杂组合的制度演化历程,必然反映在城镇化的发展历程之中。根据三者在江苏省经济社会和城镇化发展历程中的主导作用,将改革开放30多年来江苏省的城镇化历程分为3个阶段:分权化与乡镇企业主导的城镇化(1978—1992年),市场化与开发区建设主导的城镇化(1993—2002年),全球化与政府主导的城镇化(2003年至今)。

The research and observation of urbanization needs a multi-scale perspective. Province is the best spatial unit to research the character and mechanism of urbanization based on current institution and regional characters in China. Jiangsu Province is a star province in the east coastal China, and also a development miniature of China since the Reform. The relatively complete urbanization process of Jiangsu Province is a good case for observing Chinese urbanization. Decentralization, marketization and globalization are the institutional foundation which ensure the Chinese economy high-speed and continuously developing. So the institutional evolution process that decentralization, marketization and globalization dominating in turns and overlay then complicated combining together, should reflect in the developing process of urbanization. Based on the influence of the institutional process on Jiangsu Province, this paper divides the urbanization process of Jiangsu Province in three stages：Urbanization dominated by Decentralization and Township and Vil age Enterprises （1978-1992）; Urbanization dominated by Marketization and Development Zone construction （1993-2002）; Urbanization dominated by Globalization and the government.