中外碳交易市场发展现状分析

Carbon Trading Market in China and Worldwide

《京都议定书》的生效,标志着国际社会开始以法律手段来限制温室气体排放,其中采取的重要机制之一就是碳排放权交易。清洁发展机制(CDM)、联合实施机制(JI)、国际排放权交易体系(IET)三种灵活机制作为碳金融工具,在关键国家和地区实施并迅速发展。CDM和JI是基于项目的市场,IET是基于配额的市场。目前国际碳交易市场以配额为主体,以项目交易为补充。西方发达国家已建成了全球性的碳交易市场,其中欧盟排放交易体系(EU ETS)是目前全球最大的排放交易体系。近年全球碳交易量及交易额迅速增长,预计2020年有望分别达到440×108t和5799亿美元,国际金融机构也积极参与碳交易市场。我国碳交易市场仍处于起步阶段,目前还只有CDM一种交易机制,国家已批准在7省市成立碳排放权交易试点。截至2013年6月底,我国签发的CDM项目数占到世界总量的61.76%。针对目前国内存在的问题,建议国家应设法扩大碳金融的影响力,建立统一的排放权交易平台,加强金融业对CDM项目的支持,完善碳金融法律框架,加大知识产权保护力度,同时要大力发展中介市场。

The implementation of the Kyoto Protocol marks the start of the international effort to curb green- house gas emissions by legal means.One of the mechanisms adopted by the international community is the carbon emission permit trade.Three flexible mechanisms--CDM,JI and IET--have been introduced and are developing rapidly in key countries and regions as carbon finance tools.CDM and JI are project-based mar- kets,while IET is quota-based market.The current international carbon complemented by project s EU ETS is currently trading market is based on quotas, trading.The developed world has established a global carbon trading market and EU＇ the world＇s biggest emission trading system.In recent years,the global carbon trade volume and value have been growing rapidly and are expected to hit 440×108t and 579.9 billion US dollars respectively by 2020.International financial institutions are also actively participating in carbon trade activities. China＇s carbon trading market is still in its early stage of development and there is only CDM in place.Chi- na has authorized seven provinces and municipalities to establish carbon emission permit trading markets on a trial basis.At the end of last June,the CDM projects approved by China accounted for 61.76% of the world＇ s total.As for the unsolved problems in relation to carbon trade in China,the authors of this article suggest moving to expand the influence of carbon finance,establishing a unified emission permit trading platform,ask- ing the financial industry to provide more support to CDM projects ,perfecting the legal framework for carbon finance ,strengthening the protection of intellectual property right ,and developing intermediary market.