基于景观空间格局分析的土壤侵蚀时空演变研究

Research on spatial-temporal evolution of soil erosion by analyzing landscape pattern

以湖北省为研究区域,根据2000年和2005年土壤侵蚀遥感调查成果,综合运用GIS技术,从景观生态学角度对研究区5 a间土壤侵蚀的时空演变特征进行了分析。结果表明,研究区侵蚀面积呈减少趋势,但局部区域侵蚀有所加剧;侵蚀景观尺度的格局特征表现为低异质性、低破碎化和规则化的变化趋势;整体上低强度的土壤侵蚀多表现为斑块数减少和平均斑块面积的增加,边缘规则化。而高强度土壤侵蚀则相反。5 a间研究区土壤侵蚀治理取得一定成效,土壤侵蚀整体状况有所好转,但处于边治理、边破坏的状态。研究结果对研究区水土保持生态建设规划具有一定的指导意义。

According to the results of remote sensing survey on soil erosion of Hubei Province from 2000 to 2005, the charac-teristics of 5-year spatial-temporal evolution of soil erosion were analyzed from the perspective of landscape ecology with GIS technologies. The results show that erosive area in the study area tends to decrease, but local erosion has intensified. The charac-teristics of erosive landscape pattern have the tendency of low heterogeneity, low fragmentation and more regularization. As a whole, low-intensity soil erosion is characterized by decrease in the number of erosive patches and increase in the mean patch size, along with regularized margin;on the contrary, high-intensity soil erosion is characterized by increase in the number of e-rosive patches and decrease in the mean patch size, along with increased fragmentation. Some effects of soil erosion control in the study area are achieved in 5 years, and the overall situation of soil erosion is improved somewhat, but its state is damaged in the improvement.