气候变化下我国主要农作物需水变化

Variation of water requirement for main crops in China based on climate change

全球气候变化不可避免的会给农业用水带来影响。利用全国93个气象站1960-2009年的气候资料,分析全国近50年4种主要粮食作物(玉米、小麦、大豆、水稻)的蓝水蒸散量及年蓝水需水量的分布和变化。结果表明:1960-2009年间全国平均温度上升1.1℃,1980s以后气候变暖加剧,增幅北方大于南方。农作物蓝水蒸散量有不同程度下降;1990s前蓝水蒸散量主要影响因子为降雨量,1990 s后为温度。气候变化使得东北、内蒙古农作物种植面积增加,农作物蓝水需水量上升。从蓝水蒸散量出发,调整地区间农作物种植结构可以缓解因气候变化给北方地区带来的农业水资源压力。

The globe climate change inevitably impacts the use of agricultural water. The distribution and change of blue water evapotranspiration and yearly irrigation water requirement of the four crops（ maize, wheat,soybean and rice） in different regions were analyzed by using climate data of 93 meteorological stations in China from 1960 to 2009. The results show that annual average temperature increased by 1. 1 ℃ from 1960 to 2009 in China. Northern China is warming faster than southern China,and climate warming has aggravated since 1980s. The blue water evapotranspiration of crop decreases at different extent; and the main influence factor of that was precipitation before 1990s,and that has been temperature since 1990s. The crop area of northeast China and Inner Mongolia increases significantly result from climate change,and the blue water requirement in these areas rises as well. The adjustment of crop planting structure between areas can relieve the pressure of agricultural water resources brought by the climate change in north China from the view of blue water evapotranspiration.