中国运动员被归化的现状、成因及对策研究

On the Present Situations，Causes and Countermeasures of Naturalized Athletes in China

在竞技体育全球化的今天,运动员归化现象已成为一种常态。改革开放后,中国竞技体育逐步走向世界,必然要面对运动员的归化与被归化问题。为探讨这一问题,在收集相关资料并进行梳理的基础上,考察中国运动员被归化的源起、演变过程及现状特点,分析这一现象对中国竞技体育产生的影响,以及中国运动员被归化的主要原因,同时根据以上分析提出应对策略。研究结果表明:中国运动员被归化是竞技体育与国际接轨的必然趋势,目前这一现象多集中在传统优势项目,但潜优势项目也开始出现被归化的现象;国人对运动员被归化的看法不一,但总体上朝认同的方向发展;应当辩证地看待运动员被归化的现象,它对中国竞技体育的发展既产生积极的作用,但也存在负面的影响。中国运动员被归化的原因主要包括国外广阔运动员归化市场的吸引、国内运动员激烈的竞争环境、运动员自身为寻求更好的发展机会和经济收益等。面对日益增多的被归化现象,应当理性对待,使之有利于中国和全球竞技体育的发展,为此需要完善制度规范并实现依法归化,同时应当改善国内环境和条件,增强吸引力和凝聚力。

With the globalization of competitive sports today, naturalized athletes have become a normalcy. Since the reform and opening-up, competitive sports in China have been gradually making their ways to the world, so it is inevitable to face the naturalization issue of athletes. To approach this issue, the authors collected and summarized relevant documents, based on which it investigates the origin, evolution and status features of naturalized athletes in China. It then analyzed the impacts of this phenomenon on China ＇ s competitive sports, the main causes of naturalized athletes in China, and proposes coping strate- gies based on the above analysis. The naturalization of Chinese athletes is an inevitable trend of competitive sports attaining international standards. At pres- ent, such phenomenon is mostly found among traditional advantaged sports events, but athletes participating in potential advantaged sports events are also be- ginning to be naturalized. Chinese people have different views on the naturalization of athletes, but as a whole they tend to approve of it. The naturalization of athletes should be regarded dialectically as it exerts both positive and negative impacts on China＇ s competitive sports. The causes of this phenomenon mainly include the attraction of a broad foreign market for naturalized athletes, the intense environment of competition in China, as well as athletes＇ pursuit of better development opportunities and economic benefits. Facing the increasing phenomena of naturalization, we should act rationally and make them beneficial for the development of competitive sports both in China and in the world. Therefore, we need to enhance the naturalizing system to achieve legal naturalization, improve the domestic environment and conditions, and strengthen attraction and cohesion.