陈式太极拳掩手肱捶动作技术的比较分析

Biomechanical Comparison of Chen Style Tai Chi Punch

目的:对陈式太极拳的典型发劲动作掩手肱捶进行测试,采集不同水平练习者掩手肱捶劲力发放的运动学、动力学和肌电结果,分析和讨论掩手肱捶劲力发放的特点和训练方法。方法:研究对象共14人,试验组和对照组各7人。试验仪器包括VICON三维运动分析系统,Noraxon16导遥测肌电DTS系统,中国功夫测试工程人。测试动作为陈式太极拳的典型发劲动作掩手肱捶。试验组和对照组的测试结果比较采用配对样本T检验,试验组空击动作与实击动作的结果比较采用独立样本T检验。结果:陈式太极拳试验组在右手位移、右手速度、加速度、最大加速度的结果上高于对照组,虽然试验组的平均肌电明显小于对照组,但试验组的肱桡肌、肱二头肌、肱三头肌、三角肌、背阔肌、竖脊肌峰值肌电值大于对照组,其中肱二头肌和背阔肌的差异有统计学意义;在击打效果上,试验组击打在工程人心脏、左肺、右肺和胃的加速度值明显高于对照组。结论:试验组的峰值肌电高于对照组,主要是肱桡肌、肱二头肌、肱三头肌、三角肌、背阔肌、竖脊肌在完成掩手肱捶时用力明显,建议在完成该动作时应进行针对性地练习;掩手肱捶击打到工程人时的加速度呈双峰波型,第1个波形高,而第2个波形低,这与该动作在动作结束时有旋腕动作有关。

Purpose： A typical Chert Style Tai Chi punch （Yah Shou Hong Cui） was measured by the aspect of kinematics, kinetics, and surface electromyog- raphy （sEMG）, the characteristics of Tai Chi punch and training method were discussed. Methods： lg subjects took part in this test, 7 master level and 7 beginner. VICON motion analysis system, 16 channels Noraxon wireless sEMG DTS system and own-designed Kungfu dummy were applied in this study, Yah Shou Hong Cui was selected as test movement in this study, the data comparison of two level groups were applied with the Paired-samples T test, the data comparison of two punch types were applied with the Independent-samples T test. Results： The results indicated the advanced level group （ALG） had higher displacement, punching velocity, acceleration on right hand comparing to the beginning level group （BLG）. Although the mean root-mean-square （RMS） in ALG was lower than BLG, some muscles showed significantly different between two level groups in peak RMS, of these, musculus biceps brachii and latissi- mus dorsi in ALG was significant higher than BLG. The acceleration collected from dummys＇ heart, lungs and stomach showed the significant higher in ALG than BLG. Conclusions： The peak RMS in ALG was higher than BLG, because brachioradialis, biceps brachii, triceps brachii, deltoid muscle, latissimus dorsi, erector spinae significantly contributed to punch, auxiliary exercises are highly recommended in order to improve punch effect. The acceleration showed two-wave due to wrist twist at end of punch.