体育锻炼缓解公务员心理压力相关量表的编制及常模的建立

Development of Physical Exercise Coping with Mental Stress Scale and Norm for Civil Servants

以体育锻炼促进心理健康理论为依据,在前期访谈和问卷调查的基础上,对体育锻炼缓解公务员心理压力问题进行了研究.结果表明：《体育锻炼缓解公务员心理压力量表》的结构由工作倦怠、人际沟通能力、职业成就期待、工作满意度4个维度构成,可累计解释总方差的58.319％;构成4个因子的题项分布合理,且各题项在对应因子上的载荷较高,说明该测量工具结构合理,内容符合健康促进原理,具有较好的可操作性.探索性因素分析和验证性因素分析结果表明,该量表具有可靠的信效度（4个分量表的克朗巴赫α系数均大于0.70,且小于总量表;总量表和4个因子之间的相关系数较高（0.822～0.874,且P＜0.01）,同时因子两两间均处于中等程度相关,说明各因子之间相对独立,是构成总量表的不同因子）,可以为公务员心理压力教育的评估、相关研究及体育锻炼缓解心理压力的相关研究提供测评工具;差异性检验结果表明,公务员心理压力存在性别、年龄、文化程度和职位级别的显著差异,因此,建立了公务员心理压力的性别常模、年龄常模、文化程度常模和职位级别常模,该量表常模的建立,可对参加体育运动锻炼的公务员人群心理压力状态进行评定,并以建立的常模标准科学地制定其运动健身方案,经过运动健身方案的实施,检验其运动健身效益,达到科学锻炼的目的.

Based on the theory of exercise promoting mental health, according to the questionnaire, literature and interview, the effects of the physical exer- cise on civil servants＇ mental stress was analyzed. The results showed that the Civil Servants＇ Mental Stress Scale was comprised by four dimensions： job burnout, interpersonal skills, achievement expectation and job satisfaction. These four dimensions explained total 58.139% which revealed the structure and contains of this scale reasonable. Using exploratory factor analysis （EFA） and confirmatory factor analysis （CFA）, the validity and reliability of the scale was examined and witnessed The scale could be the measurement for assessing the mental stress of civil servants. Besides, the ANOVA results showed that there were significant differences among the group of gender, age, culture degree and the position level in mental stress of the civil servants. This result suggested that establishing a special scale was necessary. The scale could not only assess the state of civil servants＇ mental stress, but also offer exercise project scientifically. Through carrying out the project, the benefit of exercise was tested and the purpose of scientific exercise was reached.