农民专业合作社分布特征及原因分析——以首批农民专业合作社示范社为例

Distribution Characteristics and Reason of Farmers' Specialized Cooperatives: Taking Example for First Batch of Farmers' Professional Cooperative Model

作为新型农业经营主体,农民专业合作社通过连接农户与企业,在提高农户组织化程度的同时,通过分享农业产业链条的利润增值来实现农民增收。以首批农民专业合作社示范社为研究对象,基于资源约束、交易费用和市场需求等因素分析,借助于Eveiws8.0软件运用加权最小二乘法对截面数据进行回归分析,研究了中国农民专业合作社的分布特征。分析结果表明,在寻求交易费用最低化的过程中,资源优势促进了粮食类、渔业类示范社的发展,而市场需求则是蔬菜类、水果类及畜牧业示范社发展的主导力量,如粮食类示范社多集中分布于粮食主产区,蔬菜和水果类示范社则分布于市场需求量较大的地区。

As a new agricultural entity, farmers＇ specialized cooperatives, by connecting farmers and enterpris- es, not only improve the degree of agricultural organization but also increase farmers＇ income through the shar- ing of agricultural industry chain profits. This article, on the basis of resource constraints, transaction costs and market demand, studies the first batch of farmer＇ s professional cooperative models and analyzes the distribu- tion characteristics of farmers＇ specialized cooperatives in China, using cross-sectional study by weighted least squares regression with the aid of Eviews 8.0 sot^are. The results indicate that, in the course of seeking to minimize transaction costs, the resources advantage promotes the development of food and fishing coopera- tives, while market demand is the leading force for the development of vegetables, fruits and animal husbandry cooperatives. That is reason that grain farmers＇ professional cooperative models are more concentrated in the major grain producing areas, vegetables and fruits farmers＇ professional cooperative models are distributed in the areas of the market demand for larger. To some extent, regional and industrial distribution of farmers＇ spe- cialized cooperatives reflects the general rules of the cooperative development. To reduce the transaction cost is the initial motivation of cooperative economy organization development, and resource advantage, market de- mand and level of economic development constitute farmers＇ professional co-operatives distribution of external and internal mechanism. For different industries and the development of farmers＇ professional co-operatives, different regions should adopt different policies and the support of the priority order. And then, the develop- ment of farmers＇ professional co-operatives should further be standardized including to strengthen the coopera- tive internal proportion of democratic management, to improve the surplus returned, and to share interests, etc.