英国与阿根廷的南极关系考察(1942-1961)

On the Relationship Between Britain and Argentina in the Antarctic Issue(1942—1961)

在20世纪中期,英国和阿根廷由于南极领土主权问题引发了两国在南极地区的冲突。到了20世纪50年代末,两国在南极事务中的关系逐渐从冲突走向合作,并与其他国家共同签订了维护南极和平与稳定的《南极条约》。两国在南极冲突的主要原因是这一时期由于经济关系的削弱和地缘政治上的角逐所导致的两国关系的恶化。之后两国从冲突走向合作,总体上是两国政治关系的改善以及美国与苏联因素的影响,还在于只有相互合作才能最大限度地维护两国的利益。两国在南极事务中的关系对之后的马岛战争、北极问题都产生了很大影响,而对中国的南极政策也有一定启示作用。

In the mid-20th century, the issue of the Antarctic territorial sovereignty between Britain and Argentina led to their conflict. By the late 1950s, the relations between the two countries in the Antarctic affairs had varied gradually from conflict to cooperation, Britain and Argentina, as well as the other countries signed Antarctic Treaty, which became a sign of peace and stability. The weakening economic relations and the competition in geopolitics led to the Antarctic conflict between the two countries. Gradually, the cooperative relations between the two countries were based on the improvement of bilateral political relations and the impact of the USA and the USSR. Multual cooperation is the only way for Britain and Argentina to maximize their interests. The bilateral relation in Antarctic affairs has significant effects on the Falklands War and the Arctic issue,which also provides some inspiration for China＇s Antarctic policy.