合肥市幼儿零食行为及其与生长发育关系的研究

Snack Food Consumption and Its Relation to Growth and Development of Young Children of Hefei

目的 探讨幼儿零食消费情况及其对生长发育的影响。方法 于 1 999年 1 0～ 1 1月对合肥市 459名 1～ 3岁幼儿的零食消费情况进行问卷调查 ,同时选用身高、体重、胸围和头围的半年增长值 ,Kaup指数 ,现实牙齿数及皮褶厚度评价零食对幼儿生长发育的影响。结果 不管是从零食的种类 ,还是从每天食用零食的次数看 ,生长发育受影响较大的均是 1～ 2岁的幼儿 ;综合来看 ,动物性食品、水果是较好的零食品种 ,而奶类和纯热能食品不利于幼儿的体格发育 ,但后者对牙齿的生长有利 ;吃零食的次数与身高、体重、头围的半年增长值及Kaup指数均呈负相关 ,而与牙齿数呈正相关。 结论 吃零食对幼儿 ,特别是 1～ 2岁较小幼儿的生长发育影响较大 ,但不同的品种有不同的影响。因而 ,应在零食的品种和频率上对幼儿的零食行为加以引导 ,对较小幼儿更应予特别关注。

Objective To explore snack food consumption of young children and its effect on their growth and development. Methods Data on snack food consumption of 502 young children, aged 1～3 years, was obtained using a questionnaire in Hefei in 1999. Semiannual increments in height, weight, chest and head circumferences, Kaup index, the amount of teeth and skin fold were selected to evaluate the effects of snack food consumption on Growth and development status of young children. Results Regardless of the items and frequency, snack food consumption had much more effects on growth and development of 1～2 year old young children than those of 2～3 year old young children. When a comprehensive analysis was made of their effects on semiannual increments in height, weight, chest and head circumferences, Kaup index, it was found that animal foods and fruits had positive effects while milk and high energy density, sugar containing foods had negative effects on physical development of 1～2 year old young children, but the latter foods were beneficial to their tooth development. The frequency of snacks consumed was correlated negatively with semiannual increments in height, weight, chest and head circumferences, and Kaup index, while positively with the amount of teeth. Conclusion Snack food consumption had greater effects on growth of young children, especially on growth of 1～2 year old young children, however, different varieties of snacks had different effects. Thus, snack food consumption should be guided, especially in the items and frequency consumed, more attention should be paid to the population of younger children.