形容词进入动结式作补语的认知语义基础

The Cognitive-semantic Foundation for Adjective to Enter the Verb-resultative Construction

动结式在语义结构上由两个分别以"动"和"结"为谓词的表述构成,两个表述之间存在致使性因果关系。这样的语义结构决定了形容词进入其中作补语的条件是:具有"动后而现"、"非恒定"、"非初始"的语义特征;存在一个动词作为谓词构成的致使事件;具有作为谓词构成表述的能力。单音节形容词比双音节形容词更易满足这三个条件,因而更易进入其中。首先,单音节形容词所表性状简单、量幅大而更易"动后而现"。其次,"动"亲和动性强、常见的活动类动词,单音节动词是其典型成员;而单音节形容词与单音节动词的认知距离近,依据相邻原则和相似原则,两者更易组合。而且,它们的组合构成一个标准音步。

The verb-resultative construction is composed by two narratives. which semantically are take‘cerb’and ‘resultative’as their predicate.The two narratives ate normally connected by causative cause-result relationship. This type of semantic construction requires that the precondi-tions for adjective to serve as complement are：in semantics it has some features such as‘to appear after the action＇,‘ inconstant＇, and ‘ posteriori ＇ ; existing a causative event which uses verbs as predicate;it has the potential to describe things when used as predicate. Since mono- syllabic adjectives are more plausible to meet these conditions than that of disyllabic adjec- tive,thus the former is more opt being used in the construction. This is because,firstly,the monosyllabic adjectives more often coming as tend to modify simple and magnitude phenomenon,they are thereby ‘ to appear after the action＇ ;secondly,the‘ verb＇ manifests the high degree of dynamic of the verb,and monosyllabic verb are the typical members falling into this cate-gory;on the other hand,because the cognitive distance between monosyllabic adjective and verb is close,according to the proximity principle and similarity principle,they are more likely to come together Moreover,their combination can form a standard foot.Abstract： The verb-resultative construction is col by two narratives,which semantically take ‘verb＇ and ‘resultative＇as their predicate. The two narratives are normally connected by causative cause-result relationship. This type of semantic construction requires that the precondi- tions for adjective to serve as complement are：in semantics it has some features such as＇to appear after the action＇, ＇ inconstant＇, and ＇ posteriori ＇ ; existing a causative event which uses verbs as predicate;it has the potential to describe things when used as predicate. Since mono- syllabic adjectives are more plausible to meet these conditions than that of disyllabic adjec- tive,thus the former is more opt being used in the construction. This is because,firstly,the monosyllabic adjectives tend to modify simple and magnitude phenomenon,they are thereby more often coming as ＇to appear after the action＇ ;secondly,the＇ verb＇ manifests the high of dynamic of the verb,and monosyllabic verb are the typical members falling into this cate- gory;on the other hand,because the cognitive distance between monosyllabic adjective and verb is close,according to the proximity principle come together. Moreover,their combination can and similarity principle,they are more likely to form a standard foot.