天然药物中生物碱的提取分离及检测

The Extraction, Separation and Testing of Alkaloids in the Natural Medicine

本文对天然药物中生物碱的提取、分离及检测方法作一综述,天然药物中生物碱的存在形式为盐和游离生物碱,所以通常选用无机酸水进行生物碱提取,将有机酸盐生物碱置换成无机酸盐生物碱,进而增加生物碱的溶解度;游离生物碱或其盐均可溶于甲醇、乙醇,可用醇回流加热提取或超声波醇提法;而且很多生物碱尤其是游离型生物碱都是亲脂性的,故可用CH3Cl、C6H6及CH2Cl2等有机溶剂加热回流提取游离生物碱。提取得到的多是各生物碱的混合物,根据生物碱类别、碱性强弱、溶解度差异、生物碱特殊官能团等对生物碱混合物进行分离。然后对分离出的单体进行检识。

In this paper, the natural medicine extraction, separation and determination method of alkaloidsin a story, the alkaloids in natural medicine in the form of the salt and the free, so can choose inorganic acidwater extraction, so that the alkaloids organic acid salt replacement into inorganic acid salt, increasingsolubility; Free alkaloids or its salt soluble in methanol, ethanol, alcohol available heating reflux extraction or ultrasonic alcohol formulation; And most free alkaloids are lipophilic, also can use chloroform, benzene, ether and dichloromethane solvent free heating reflux extraction of alkaloids. Extraction is more is the mixture of alkaloids, according to the alkaloids category, basic strength, the difference of solubility, alkaloids special functional group on the alkaloid mixture separation. And then to isolate monomer for inspection.