耳鼻喉科常见疾病的发病情况分析

The Prevalence Analysis of Common Diseases in the Ear,Nose,and Throat Department

目的 分析耳鼻喉科常见疾病的发病情况.方法回顾性分析2010-2012 年绍兴市人民医院耳鼻喉科收治的各年龄段患者共1 420例,其中男 748例,女672例;声带息肉患者631例,耳聋患者431例,气管异物患者180例,食管异物患者66例,会厌囊肿患者61例,鼾症患者51例;按不同年龄组分为：30岁以下（青年组）690例,31~60岁（中年组）257例,61岁及以上（老年组）473例;按患者发病年份不同分为：2010年组（450例）、2011年组（479例）和2012年组（491例）;按发病季节不同分为：春季组（365例）、夏季组（327例）、秋季组（382例）和冬季组（346例）.依据有经验的临床医师或相关专家核查病历诊断,证实结果的准确性.观察不同性别、年龄、年份和季节耳鼻喉科常见疾病的发病率.结果 男性气管异物、食管异物、声带息肉、鼾症、耳聋的发病率高于女性,而女性会厌囊肿的发病率高于男性（P＜0.05）.青年组、中年组、老年组气管异物、食管异物、会厌囊肿、声带息肉、鼾症、耳聋的发病率比较,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;青年组气管异物、食管异物的发病率高于中年组和老年组（P＜0.05）;中年组会厌囊肿、鼾症的发病率高于青年组和老年组（P＜0.05）;老年组声带息肉的发病率低于青年组和中年组,耳聋的发病率高于青年组和中年组（P＜0.05）.2010年、2011年、2012年气管异物、声带息肉、鼾症、耳聋的发病率比较,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;2012年气管异物的发病率高于2010年（P＜0.05）;2012年和2011年声带息肉的发病率低于2010年,鼾症的发病率高于2010年（P＜0.05）;2012年耳聋的发病率低于2011年和2010年（P＜0.05）.春季、夏季、秋季、冬季气管异物、食管异物、会厌囊肿、声带息肉的发病率比较,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;秋季、冬季气管异物、食管异物的发病率高于春季和夏季（P＜0.05）;夏季会厌囊肿的发病率高于春季、秋季和冬季（P＜0.05）;夏季、秋季声带息肉的发病率高于春季和冬季（P＜0.05）.结论 耳鼻喉科常见疾病在不同性别、年龄、年份和季节的发病率不同,为制定相应耳鼻喉科常见疾病的预防措施提供了参考依据,对降低耳鼻喉科常见疾病的发病率,提高人群健康水平具有重要意义.

Objective To survey the prevalence of common diseases in the ENT department.Methods A total of 1 420 patients （748 males,672 females） treated in Shaoxing People′s Hospital from 2010 to 2012 were randomly selected for analysis.631 patients had vocal cord polyps,431 were deaf,180 patients had tracheal foreign bodies,66 patients had esophageal foreign bodies,61 patients had epiglottic cysts,51 patients had snoring.Patients were classified by age range [below age 30（youth group）,690 cases;31 to 60（middle-aged group）,257 cases：above 60（elderly group）,473 cases];Divided according to the different onset year：2010 group（450 cases）,2011 group（479 cases）,2012 group（491 cases）;Divided by the incidence of the different seasons：spring group（365 cases）,summer group（327 cases）,autumn group（382 cases）,winter group（346 cases）.The clinical experience of the physicians was noted,based on verification of diagnosis,and confirming the accuracy of the results.We observed the effects of gender,age,year,and season in the incidence of common diseases in our ENT department.Results Males had a higher incidence of tracheal and esophageal foreign bodies,vocal cord polyps,snoring,and deafness than women,while the incidence of epiglottic cysts was higher in women than men（P〈0.05）.There was significantly difference in the incidence of tracheal and esophageal foreign bodies,epiglottic cysts,vocal cord polyps,snoring,and deafness in the different age groups.The incidence of tracheal and esophageal foreign bodies in youth group was higher than the middle-aged and elderly group （P〈0.05）;Incidence of epiglottic cyst and snoring in middle-aged group was higher than young and elderly group （P〈0.05）;Elderly group had a lower incidence of vocal cord polyps than young and middle-aged group,a higher incidence of deafness than young and middle-aged group （P〈0.05）.There was significantly difference in the incidence of tracheal foreign body,vocal cord polyps,snoring,deafness in different years（P〈0.05）.The incidence of tracheal foreign bodies in 2012 was higher than 2010（P〈0.05）;2012 and 2011 had a lower incidence of vocal cord polyps than 2010,a higher incidence of snoring than 2010 （P〈0.05）;2012 the incidence of deafness was lower than 2011 and 2010 （P〈0.05）.There was significantly difference in the incidence of tracheal and esophageal foreign bodies,epiglottic cysts,vocal cord polyps in different seasons（P〈0.05）.The incidence of tracheal and esophageal foreign bodies in autumn and winter were higher than the spring and summer （P〈0.05）;The incidence of epiglottis cysts in summer was higher than spring,autumn and winter （P〈0.05）;The incidence of vocal cords polyps in summer and autumn were higher than spring and winter （P〈0.05）.Conclusion Gender,age,year and season influence the different rates of common disease in the ENT department,and provide the basis for developing preventive measures for ENT diseases,and improve the health of the population.