不同年代首次住院精神分裂症患者诊断分型及近期结局对照研究

Diagnostic types and short-term outcomes of first-hospitaliza-tion schizophrenics in different years

目的：探讨不同年代首次住院精神分裂症患者诊断分型变化及近期结局。方法整群抽取1989年、1999年及2009年度首次住院，且入院时病程＜2 a的精神分裂症或急性精神分裂症样精神病性障碍患者各128例，分别设为A组、B组和C组，对3组患者的一般资料及诊断变化进行统计分析。结果3组年龄、受教育年限、首次住院时间、预后比较差异有显著性（P＜0．05或0．01），入院时病程比较差异无显著性（ P＞0．05）。3组患者除儿童精神分裂症、精神分裂症（型未分）诊断率比较差异有极显著性外（P＜0．01），其他类型精神分裂症诊断率比较差异均无显著性（P＞0．05）。结论首发精神分裂症患者住院时间有明显缩短趋势，受教育年限在逐渐提高，预后有改善趋势；首诊病程尚无变化，人们对精神分裂症的认识仍不乐观。

Objective To explore the diagnosis type changes of and short-term outcomes of first-hospitalization schizophrenia patients in different years .Methods A total of 128 first-hospitalization schizophrenia patients selected by cluster sampling in 1989 ,1999 and 2009 were divided into group A ,B and C ,their general data and diagnostic changes statistically analyzed .Results There were significant differences in ages ,education years ,first-hospitalization time and prognosis among three groups （P〈0 .05 or 0 .01） and no in course of disease at admission （P〉0 .05） .There were very significant differ-ences in diagnostic rates of childhood schizophrenia and schizophrenia （un-typed） （P〈0 .01） and no in oth-er types （P〉0 .05） among three groups .Conclusion The length of stay of first-hospitalization schizo-phrenia patients trend towards obvious shortening ,education years gradually advanced ,and prognoses have improving trend ;first-diagnosis course is not yet changed ,people＇s understanding of schizophrenia is still not optimistic .