元明清云南高原水资源利用与生态环境变迁

Water Resources Utilization and Ecology Environment Vicissitude of Yunnan Plateau in Yuan、Ming and Qing Dynasties

元明清三代是古代云南高原水利开发的重要时期,在官府的重视和领导下,云南高原的水利技术不断进步,水利工程遍布云南高原的平坝和山区,其中尤以滇池水利工程最为宏大。这时期的水资源利用是以土地为核心的农业开发服务的。一方面通过减少水域面积获得湖周平原土地;另一方面通过增强水利灌溉功效,提高农田的生产量。元明清三代云南高原水资源的开发利用对生态环境的直接影响较小,但它作为农业开发的助推器,却较为严重地破坏了云南高原原有的生态环境系统,人们不得不通过加强水利建设减少农业过度开发所带来的水土流失、河道淤塞等生态灾难。

It is an important period that water projects were developed on the Yunnan plateau during the Yuan,Ming and Qing Dynasties. Under the leading of the government, the water project technology was improved, and many water projects were found on the basin and mountainous area on the Yunnan plateau, and Dianchi water project was the most ambitious of them. These water projects were developed with land clearing at the core, then the land area was increased by reducing the water area, and the production capacity and the farmland quantity were increased by increasing irrigation efficiency. These water projects on the Yunnan plateau were less direct impact on the ecological environment, but as a booster of agricultural development, indirectly, more serious damage to the ecological environment on the Yunnan plateau. The government has to strengthen the construction of water conservancy to eliminate the ecological disaster.