中非卫生合作的特点:基于刚果民主共和国的案例研究

Characteristics of China-Africa health collaboration: The case of Democratic Republic of Congo

过去几十年,中国对非卫生援助规模不断扩大,范围不断拓宽。本文提出了中国对非卫生合作的4个特点:对非卫生援助定义模糊;没有专门的对外援助机构;卫生项目多由中国和当地政府共同制定;政府的援助行为和私企在当地的行为互相影响,共同发挥重要作用。中非卫生合作面临着资源匹配和影响力问题。中国与刚果合作作为一个案例,为中非卫生合作提供了启示,为了更好的提升中非卫生合作的有效性,应该利用复杂体系的优势,更多的创新和融入当地社会,并避免复杂体系分散性与低效性的缺点,以保证中非卫生合作的多个参与方能形成有效平衡的共识机制。

China＇s relationship with Africa has gained worldwide attention, with substantial scale and wide range of investment and development assistance over the past decades. We argue in this paper that China-Africa health collaboration has four main characteristics ： China has a vague definition of the Development Fund for Health ; there is no single development agency within Chinese government; the Chinese government is very responsive to re- quests from local government and most of the health programs are co-developed by the two governments; and China private investment in Africa merges into the field of public development and plays an important role. Thus, China-Af- rica health collaboration has two major problems： resource mismatch and restricted impact. The case of Congo shows that in order to increase the effectiveness of China-Africa health collaboration and to make better use of the advantages of a complex system, decision-makers need to consider the bottom-up innovation and integration with local systems when making policies. They also need to avoid a scattered structure and inefficiency brought about by a complex sys- tem in order to ensure balanced consensus-building mechanisms among all stakeholders in China-Africa health collab- oration.