维、汉族儿童行为发展现状及其主要影响因素研究

A research on the children behavior development and the influencing factors between Uygur and Han nationalities

目的探讨维、汉族3--6岁儿童行为发展现状及其主要影响因素。方法随机选取17所幼儿园进行整群抽样调查，共计1984名3～6岁儿童；对每个儿童进行丹佛发展筛查测试（DDST—R），并对其幼儿园教师及家长进行Conners教师问卷（TRS）和家长问卷（PSQ）调查，同时对家长进行影响因素自拟问卷调查。结果（1）行为发展现状：DDST—R、TRS与PSQ行为问题总检出率分别为7．61％（151／1984）、7．35％（142／1933）和7．50％（145／1933），检测结果一致（P〉0．05），性别间无差异（P〉0．05），并显示随年龄的增长检出率下降的趋势（P〈0．01），以3岁儿童行为问题检出率最高（P〈0．01）；（2）Logistic回归分析结果显示母亲职业、父亲文化程度、家庭收入、分娩情况和工作繁忙为影响3～6岁儿童行为发展的主要因素。结论学龄前3～6岁儿童行为问题的出现虽无性别差异，但有随年龄的增加检出率降低的趋势，以3岁儿童最易发生行为问题，提示预防儿童行为异常应重视小年龄组儿童；父母文化程度和职业是影响儿童行为发展最主要的因素，提高父母的文化素养有助于儿童的行为发展。

Objective To analyze the status quo of the 3--6 year-old children＇s behavior development and major behavioral problems between Uygur and Han Nationalities in Urumqi, and explore the correlated factors of their behavior development. Methods 17 kindergartens were selected randomly to conduct a cluster sample survey, with a total of 1984 3--6 year-old children. Denver developmental screening test （DDST-R） was applied to children, Conners Questionnaire （PSQ and TRS） in kindergarten teachers and parents, including a simultaneous questionnaire for parents. Results （.1） the status quo ot me oeveLop- ment： the prevalence of behavioral problems of DDST-R, TRS and PSQ was 7.61% （151/1984）, 7.35% （142/1933） and 7.5~ （145/1933） respectively, with consistent result of test （P〉0.05） and no gender difference （P 〉0.05）, which showed that the prevalence had decreasing trend with growth in the age （P〈0.01）, and the prevalence of 3--year-old children＇s behavior problems were the highest （P〈0.01）.（2） Influencing factors： Logistic regression analysis showed that mother＇s occupation, father＇s education, family′s income, childbirth and the busy work were the main factors. Conclusion The prevalence of behavioral problems had no gender difference but had decreasing trend with growth in the age, with the most problems in 3--year-old children. The educational backgrounds and professions of parents are the key factors influencing the behavioral development of their children.