大国进退中的神话与现实--十九世纪英美关系转型历程及启示

Myth and Reality:The Progress and Setbacks of Major Powers——The History and Insight of the Evolution of UK-US Relations in the 19th Century

英美两国有着特殊而亲密的同盟关系。但从历史来看,美国自建国以来始终受到英国全方位的打压,两国政治精英互相视对方为潜在的竞争者,抵牾冲突不断。十九世纪之后,美国先后完成主权维护与领土扩张,保持联邦统一,完成工业化革命。英国则不断调整对美外交策略,从区域遏制逐渐过渡为全球合作。纵观美国崛起进程中的英美关系,对建设中美新型大国关系应有以下启示:首先,坚持国家建设战略不动摇,发展始终是硬道理;其次,新兴大国要立足本区域,寻求与世界大国的战略互信;再次,中美两国在涉及全人类文明福祉的领域要展开深度合作,成为真正的命运共同体。

Britain and America are a special and close alliance. But since its founding, America has long been suppressed by Britain in all aspects of their engagement. The political elites in the two countries mutually regard each other as potential competitors, thus resulting in endless conflicts between them. After the nineteenth century, America successfully safeguarded its sovereignty, accomplished territorial expansion, maintained unity of the federation, and completed the industrial revolution. Meanwhile, Britain gradually adjusted its diplomatic strategy toward America, from regional containment to global cooperation. Reviewing the historical experience of American rise, a few insights can be obtained for the establishment of a new-type great power relations between China and America. Firstly, the strategy of national development must be unswervingly followed, because development is the absolute principle; secondly, the emerging powers need to be based on their region and pursue strategic mutual trust with existing world powers; thirdly, China and the United States need to conduct in-depth cooperation with each other in areas that have an influence on the human wellbeing and become a real Community of Common Destin]g