地方政府治理:分权、竞争与转型

Local Government Governance:Decentralization,Competition and Transformation

回顾过去30余年,中国的改革开放本质上是一个逐步分权的过程。在分权的过程当中,地方政府扮演了关键的角色。现行的财政分权和地方政府竞争对我国持续高速的经济增长起到了巨大的推动作用,但同时也带来了粗放型增长必然伴随的诸多问题,如经济波动加剧、资源浪费、公共品供给不足等。实现经济结构转型,就需要从创新上加以突破。这个创新不仅仅是技术进步,更重要的是分权体制和地方政府竞争模式的创新。要激励地方政府实现转型,就必须建立创新导向的治理机制,这包括合理分权、地方政府良性竞争以及功能型跨区机构的建立和完善等。

Looking at the past 30 years, China＇s reform and opening up has essentially been a process of decentralization, in which local governments played a key role. Though the existing decentralization in the fiscal sector and competition among local governments has contributed greatly to China＇s sustained and .rapid economic growth, it has brought about many problems due to the extensive growth model, such as economic volatility, waste of resources, and insufficient supply of public goods. To realize economic restructuring, we need to break new ground in innovation. The innovation means more than technological progress, or rather, it is the innovation in decentralization and local government competition. To encourage local governments to realize the transition, an innovation-oriented governance mechanism must be established, which includes reasonable decentralization, healthy competition among local governments and the establishment of a sound functional trans-regional