孟德斯鸠的法律发现观及其司法启示

On Montesquieu's Concept of Legal Finding and Its Enlightenment

站在法律发现的视角,孟德斯鸠《论法的精神》一书,主要从法律与政体、防御力量、攻击力量、气候、土壤、民族精神、风俗习惯、贸易、货币、人口、宗教及事物的本性等"法的精神"诸方面,阐释了立法意义上的法律发现,但在揭示"法律和它所规定的事物秩序的关系"时,第一次探讨了司法意义上的法律发现,为我们今天研究法律发现提供了一些积极的启示,如法官判案需要进行法律发现,法律发现应主要在现行有效法的体系内进行,利益是处理法律发现之规范冲突时的主要考量等。当然,受时代所限,其对法律发现的认识也不无缺憾。

On the legal finding’s point of view ,in the book of “Spirit of the Laws ,” Montesquieu not only explained legal finding on the basis of the legislative sense ,such as the law and government , defense forces , attacking force , climate , soil , national spirit , customs , trade , monetary , population ,religion and the nature of things , but also revealed the“law and its relationship prescribed order of things”.It is the first time that legal finding was talked about in the judicial sense and provided the research of law with some positive inspiration ,such as the requires of judges’ decision ,the usage of method in law system and the consideration of benefit when dealing with conflicts .In this paper the shortcoming of legal finding is also discussed .