无核葡萄人工杂交授粉的关键技术

Key Technology for Artificial Hybridization and Pollination of Seedless Grapes

人工授粉技术是园艺作物选育新品种的重要途径。园艺作物中的无核葡萄,与普通葡萄相比,口感更好,并且在品质上具备了耐储存、耐运输、色泽艳丽、糖酸比适当、货架时间长和不易落粒等特点,深受消费者的喜爱。因此葡萄的无核性状作为一个重要的商品性状已经成为当前葡萄育种的主要目标之一。以无核葡萄育种中的人工授粉关键技术为要点,在新疆维吾尔自治区葡萄瓜果开发研究中心,进行了无核葡萄的田间杂交技术试验,从而得出无核葡萄人工杂交授粉的一些关键技术。

Artificial pollination technology is an important approach for selecting new varieties of garden crops. Compared with ordinary grapes, seedless grapes are characterized by good taste, resistant to storage and transportation, bright color, appropriate sugar and acid-sugar ra- tio, long shelf time and little grape windfall, accordingly seedless grapes are favored by consumers. Seedless feature has become an important ob- jective for current grape breeding. Focusing on key technology for artificial hybridization and pollination of seedless grapes, the authors made an experiment of field hybridization for seedless grapes in the Development and Research Center of Grape, Melon and Fruits in Xinjiang Uygur Au- tonomous Region, and obtained the key, technology for artificial hybridization and pollination of seedless ~rapes.