生物菌肥对番茄连作土壤质量及根结线虫病的影响

Effects of Microbial Manure on Soil Quality and Root Knot Nematode Disease under Tomato Continuous Cropping

为明确生物菌肥在减轻设施番茄连作障碍中的作用，以设施番茄连作5a地块及其栽植番茄为研究对象，研究了生物菌肥和化肥配施（CK：标准化肥处理，T1：2／3CK＋1／3等CK价格生物菌肥，T2：1／2CK＋1／2等CK价格生物菌肥，T3：1／3CK＋2／3等CK价格生物菌肥，T4：等cK价格生物菌肥）对番茄连作土壤质量和植株病害发生程度的影响。结果表明，施用生物茵肥可明显改善设施番茄连作土壤理化性状，有机质含量、土壤pH值随生物茵肥施用量的增加而升高，而电导率和容重呈相反变化；施用生物菌肥可增加土壤中碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾含量，其随着生物茵肥施用量的增加先增加后降低，三者均在T2处理时达到最大，分别为129．2、254．6、403．1mg／kg；生物菌肥还可增加设施番茄连作土壤中微生物数量，随生物菌肥的增加细菌数量增加，放线茵、真菌数量先增加后降低，T3处理最高，三者数量分别增加21.37％～75．57％、35．239／6～113．52％、17．OO9／6～40．27％。同时，施用生物菌肥在一定程度上可提高植株综合抗病性，但对番茄根结线虫病预防效果不明显。

The tomato and field that was cropped for five consecutive years with tomato were taken as materials to study the effect of microbial manure and fertilizer（CK： standard chemical fertilizer,Tl：2/3 CK＋manure of the same price as 1/3 CK,T2：I/2 CK＋manure of the same price as 1/2 CK,T3：1/3 CK＋manure of the same price as 2/3 CK,T4：manure of the price as CK） on soil quality, disease under tomato continuous cropping. The results showed that the application of microbial manure obviously improved the soil physical and chemical properties. With the increase of application amount of microbial manure,organic matter content and pH value increased, but conductivity and volume weight decreased; the application of microbial manure increased the content of available nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium, and the above indexes first increased and then decreased with the increase of application amount of microbial manure, which reached the maximum with higher ratio of microbial manure （T2）, 129.2 mg/kg, 254.6 mg/kg, 403.1 mg/kg, respectively. Moreover, the application of microbial manure increased the microbe number, bacterial number increased with the increase of application amount ofmicrobial manure,but actinomycetes and fungi number first increased and then decreased,the above microbe number increased by 21.37% - 75.57%, 35.23% - 113.52% and 17.00% - 40. 27% compared with CK, and which of T3 was the highest. Meanwhile, the application of microbial manure improved comprehensive resistance of tomato, but the effect was not good for preventing root knot nematode.