公务员的心理健康状况及与应酬压力、职业倦怠感、生活满意度的关系

Relation of mental health to social pressure,job burnout,and life satisfaction in government employees

目的:了解公务员心理健康状况及与应酬压力、职业倦怠感及生活满意度的关系,为促进公务员的心理健康和生活满意度提供建议。方法:选取山西省某市16个单位(市级、县级、镇级、乡级)的600名公务员(年龄18~60岁;公务员工作年限0.5~33年),用一般心理健康问卷(GHQ-12)、自编公务员应酬压力问卷、Maslach职业倦怠普适量表(MBI-GS)及生活满意度量表(SWLS)进行测评。结果:女性公务员GHQ-12总分高于男性[(6.2±2.8)vs.(5.3±3.0),P<0.05],乡镇级以下单位公务员高于县、市级,专业技术类和行政执法类高于综合管理类。公务员应酬压力问卷得分与GHQ-12得分、M BI-GS总分及M BI-GS的情绪衰竭维度、去个性化维度得分均呈正相关(r=0.26~0.27,均P<0.05);M BI-GS总分及各维度得分与GHQ-12得分呈正相关(r=0.34~0.69,均P<0.05),而M BI-GS总分及去个性化、成就感低落维度得分与SWLS得分呈负相关(r=-0.20^-0.29,P<0.05);GHQ-12得分与SWLS得分呈负相关(r=-0.30,P<0.05)。路径分析发现职业倦怠感对公务员应酬压力和一般心理健康具有完全中介作用(RMSEA=0.069,CFA=0.973,FMIN=0.018)。结论:本研究提示,女性、基层、专业技术类和行政执法类公务员的心理健康状况可能较差;公务员的应酬压力越大、职业倦怠感就越严重,心理健康状况可能更差。

Objective： To explore the relation of mental health to social pressure, job burnout and life satisfac- tion in government employees, in order to propose suggestions about mental health and life satisfaction to govern- ment employees. Methods： Totally 600 government employees who were aged from 18 - 66 and with 0. 5 - 35 years of government working experiences were selected. They were surveyed with the General Health Questionnaire （GHQ-12）, Maslach Burnout Inventory General Survey （MBI-GS）, Satisfaction with Life Scale （SWLS）, and a self-made social pressure questionnaire for government employees. Result： Female government employees got high- er scores in GHQ-12 than males [（6. 2 ±2. 8） vs. （5.3 ±3.0）, P 〈0. 05]. Government employees from rural areas got higher scores than those from urban areas. Government employees majored in professional or administrative got higher scores than those majored in management. The score of social pressure was positively correlated with thescores of GHQ-12, MBI-GS and its two factors, namely, emotional exhaustion and depersonalization （ r = 0. 26 - 0. 27, Ps 〈0. 05）. The score of MBI-GS and all its factors were positively related with the score of GHQ-12（r = 0. 34 ~ 0. 69, P 〈 0.05）, while the total score of MBI-GS, deindividualization and reduced personal accomplishment were negatively related with the score of SWLS（ r = - 0. 20 ~ - 0. 29, P 〈 0.05）. The GHQ-12 total scores were negatively correlated with the SWLS total scores （r = -0. 30, P 〈 0. 05）. Path analysis showed that job burnout had complete mediating effect between social pressure and mental health. Conclusion： It suggests that female, rural, pro- fessional and administrative government employees might have worse mental health. It also shows that if govern- ment employees suffer higher social pressure they will have more serious job bumout, which might in turn cause worse mental health on them.