牛瘤胃与肠道微生物多样性的研究进展

Research Advance in Ruminal and Intestinal Microbes Diversity in Cattle

牛瘤胃与肠道中的微生物区系共同影响着宿主的营养与健康。宏基因组学与代谢组学的飞快发展,帮助研究者逐渐解析了牛体内这2大微生物群落的真实面貌。二代高通量测序技术的出现,加快了挖掘瘤胃微生物与肠道微生物这2大基因库的速度,使得对其中功能基因的筛选更加高效。牛共生微生物的研究不局限于基础科学,其成果在工业生产、食品安全检测、疾病诊疗与预防等许多领域都得到很广泛的应用。本文综述了近些年来围绕牛的瘤胃和肠道共生微生物的研究报告,例举了大量瘤胃细菌、真菌、古菌的研究,宏基因组学的研究以及常见疾病诊疗预防的研究,旨在为养殖业与乳品行业生产中遇到的难题提供科学有效的指导。

Abstract： Ruminal and intestinal microbial floras are generally accepted as two common communities affecting host nutrition and health. The rapid development of metagenomics and metabolomics contributed to researchers to characterize and describe the in vivo profiles of ruminal and intestinal microbes in cattle. The next-generation high-throughput sequencing technologies accelerate the mining speed of ruminal and intestinal microbes gene pools, and increase the efficiency in screening for functional genes. The commensal microbes research is not limited to basic science, but it can be widely applied in industrial production, food safety test, disease diagno- sis, prevention, and many other fields. In order to provide suggestions for difficult problems in animal hus- bandry and milk production, this article summarized a large number of recent studies on ruminal bacteria, fun- gi, archaea, ruminal microbial metagenomics, as well as disease diagnosis and prevention.