饲料中添加葡多酚对吉富罗非鱼生长性能、肠道消化酶活性、血脂水平和肝胰脏抗氧化能力的影响

Effects of Grape Proanthocyanidins Supplementation on Growth Performance,Intestinal Digestive Enzyme Activities,Serum Lipid Levels and Hepatopancreas Antioxidant Capacity of Genetic Improvement of Farmed Tilapia(GIFT,Oreochromis niloticus)

本试验旨在研究饲料中添加葡多酚(GPC)对吉富罗非鱼生长性能、肠道消化酶活性、血脂水平和肝胰脏抗氧化能力的影响。选取平均体重为(8.25±0.07)g的吉富罗非鱼300尾,随机分为5组(每组4个重复,每个重复15尾鱼),分别投喂在基础饲料中添加0(对照组)、200、400、600和800 mg/kg GPC的试验饲料。试验期为7周。结果表明:与对照组相比,各GPC添加组的终末体重、增重率、特定生长率和日摄食量均显著提高(P<0.05),饲料系数则显著降低(P<0.05),但各GPC添加组间无显著差异(P>0.05);各组间摄食率和存活率无显著差异(P>0.05)。各GPC添加组肠道脂肪酶和蛋白酶活性均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),但各GPC添加组间无显著差异(P>0.05)。除200 mg/kg添加组外,其他GPC添加组血清总胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平均显著低于对照组(P<0.05);各GPC添加组血清甘油三酯水平均显著低于对照组(P<0.05),而高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平则均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),但各GPC添加组间无显著差异(P>0.05)。各GPC添加组肝胰脏总抗氧化能力和过氧化氢酶活性均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),但各GPC添加组间无显著差异(P>0.05);600和800 mg/kg添加组肝胰脏谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性均显著高于其他组(P<0.05);随GPC添加水平的升高,肝胰脏超氧化物歧化酶活性呈先升高后降低趋势,以200 mg/kg组的活性最高;各GPC添加组肝胰脏丙二醛含量显著低于对照组(P<0.05),且以800 mg/kg添加组的含量最低。由此得出,饲料中添加适宜水平的GPC可提高吉富罗非鱼的生长性能和肠道消化酶活性,调节血脂水平,增强肝胰脏抗氧化能力。本试验条件下,建议吉富罗非鱼饲料中GPC添加水平为200 mg/kg。

A 7-week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of grape proanthocyanidins （ GPC ） supplementation on growth performance, intestinal digestive enzyme activities, serum lipid levels and hepato- pancreas antioxidant capacity of genetic improvement of farmed tilapia （ GIFT, Oreochromis niloticus）. Three hundred GIFT with an average body weight of （8.25 ± 0.07 ） g were randomly divided into 5 groups with 4 replicates per group and 15 fish per replicate. GIFT in 5 groups were fed basal diets supplemented with 0 （ con- trol group）, 200, 400, 600 and 800 mg/kg GPC, respectively. The results showed as follows： compared with control group, the final body weight, weight gain rate, specific growth rate and daily feed intake in all GPC supplemental groups were significantly increased （ P 〈 0.05） and the feed conversion ratio was signifi- cantly decreased （P 〈 0.05 ）, but there were no significant differences among all GPC supplemental groups （ P 〉 0.05 ）. The survival rate and feeding rate were not significantly different among all groups （ P 〉 0.05 ）. The activities of protease and lipase in all GPC supplemental groups were significantly higher than those in con- trol group （ P 〈 0.05 ）, but there were no significant differences among all GPC supplemental groups （ P 〉 0.05）. The levels of serum total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterin in all GPC supplemental groups were significantly lower than those in control group （ P 〈 0. 05 ）, except 200 mg/kg supplemental group; the level of serum triglyceride in all GPC supplemental groups was significantly lower than that in con- trol group （ P 〈 0.05 ）, and the level of serum high density lipoprotein cholesterin was significantly higher than that in control group （ P 〈 0.05 ）, but there were no significant differences among all GPC supplemental groups （P 〉 0.05）. The total antioxidant capacity and the activity of catalase in hepatopancreas in all GPC groups were significantly higher than those in control group （P 〈 0.05 ）, but there were no significant differences a- mong all GPC groups （ P 〉 0.05 ） ; the activity of hepatopancreas glutathion peroxidase in 600 and 800 mg/kg supplemental groups was significantly higher than that in other groups （ P 〈 0.05 ） ; the activity of hepatopan- creas superoxide dismutase was firstly increased and then decreased with the GPC supplemental level increas- ing, and the highest value appeared in 200 mg/kg supplemental group ; the content of hepatopancreas malonal- dehyde in all GPC groups was significantly lower than that in control group （ P 〈 0.05 ）, and the lowest value appeared in 800 mg/kg supplemental group. The results indicate that a suitable supplemental level of GPC in diets can promote the growth performance and intestinal digestive enzyme activities, regulate the serum lipid levels and improve the hepatopancreas antioxidant capacity of GIFT. The recommended level of GPC in GIFT diets is 200 mg/kg under this experimental condition.