文化的改造与国家(地区)的现代化——政治力量与社会文化的博弈

Cultural Reforming and Modernization of a Country(Region)——the Game Between Political Force and Social Culture

关于文化因素与现代化的关系,主要有三大类观点:德国社会学家马克斯·韦伯认为传统文化决定着现代化的发展进程和方向;马克思主义学者认为社会存在决定社会意识,文化只是社会发展程度的一种反映;美国学者亨廷顿则认为文化发展与现代化之间是相互影响、相互制约、相互促进的。历史证明,文化并非一种独立的变量,实际上它是可以被政治力量改造和重新设计的,并为国家的经济发展和社会稳定服务,而文化的改造方式和程度取决于政治决策者的意图和改造能力。

There are three kinds of mainstream views on the relationship between cultural and modernization. According to German sociologist Max Weber＇ s view, traditional culture determines the direction of modernization and development in a country; Marxist schol- ars believe that social existence determined social consciousness, culture belongs to social consciousness; American scholar Huntington suggested that cultural development and social modernization are mutually influenced. In fact, culture is not an independent variable in the process of history, and it can be transformed and re-designed by political forces with the purpose of promoting economic development and social stability. The mode and extent of cultural transforming depends on the intents and capabilities of political decision-makers.