跨理论模型用于城市老年人体育锻炼行为心理影响因素分析

Analyzing Exercise Behavior of the Senior Citizens and Influence Factor of Psychology by Using Trans-Theoretical Model

参照访谈结果对跨理论模型所涉及的量表进行了修订,运用整群随机取样法,在西安市6个主城区随机抽取60岁及60岁以上(63.2±2.6)老年人720名进行有关体育锻炼行为的心理测量,共回收有效问卷517份.采用方差分析法对数据进行处理,结果显示:老年人的锻炼行为可以分为3个阶段,即行动前期、行动期、保持期;锻炼收益、自我效能、意识觉醒、自我再评价、锻炼环境、人际援助是影响老年人锻炼行为从行动前期到行动期转变的主要因素;锻炼收益、自我效能、锻炼环境、情景替代、人际援助、自我解放是影响老年人锻炼行为从行动期到保持期转变的主要因素.

Using the method of interviewing with 20 senior citizens,referring to interviewing results, the four scales of TTM were revised in the thesis.Then 720 aged persons in 6 main urban districts of Xi＆#39;an city participated questionnaire survey by using cluster random sampling method,and 5 1 7 valid question-naires were adopted.Then ANOVA was used to treat data,and the result was showed as,the exercise stage of the aged was divided into 3 stages,earlier stage of action,action stage,and maintains stage.Exercise earning,self-efficacy,consciousness raising,self reevaluation,exercise environment and helping relation-ships were the main factors influencing exercise behavior of the aged form earlier stage to action stage, while exercise earning,self-efficacy,exercise environment,counter condition,helping relationships and self liberation were the main factors influencing their exercise behavior from action stage to maintain stage.