人类博卡病毒的研究进展

Research advances of Human Bocavirus

人类博卡病毒(HBoV)是通过病毒分子生物学筛查技术发现的1种新的细小病毒,目前已发现4种基因型,分别为HBoV-1、2、3、4。尽管上述4种型别在鼻咽部和粪便标本中均可检测到,但HBoV-1主要在呼吸道标本中检测到,而HBoV2、3、4主要在粪便标本中检测到。HBoV感染后主要表现为鼻炎、咽炎、肺炎、急性中耳炎或肠胃炎,可出现咳嗽、呼吸困难、寒战、发热、恶心、呕吐、腹泻等症状。虽然上述临床表现尚未进行系统研究,但越来越多的证据表明HBoV-1和下呼吸道感染,HBoV-2与急性胃肠炎均密切相关。目前诊断HBoV最有效的方法为PCR法和血清学方法。下面我们就HBoV发现过程、生物学特征和流行病学特征以及感染HBoV后的临床表现、诊断和治疗等方面做全面总结,并展望其未来的主要研究方向。

Human bocavirus （ HBoV ） is a novel parvovirus, first discovered by ＂molecular virus screening＂ in 2005. Four species of HBoV have been identified according to phylogenetic analysis based on viral genomes. All of the four species have been detected in nasopharyngeal aspirates and fetal samples, however, HBoV-1 is mainly found in respiratory samples, while HBoV-2,3,4 are mainly in fetal samples. Patients infected with HBoV mostly present the symptoms of rhinitis, pharyngitis, a-cute otitis media and gastroenteritis, such as cough, dyspnea, chills, fever, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. Although clinical symptoms mentioned above have not been studied systematically, more and more researches have shown that the first two types of HBoV are closely associated with lower respiratory tract illness and acute gastroenteritis, respectively. Effective diagnostic methods for HBoV are PCR and serological detections. This article summarizes the biological, clinical and diagnostic aspects of HBoV and discusses its future research areas.