门罩盛宴之徽州砖雕 安徽博物院藏游春图砖雕门罩赏析

Tile Carving of Huizhou

“一生痴绝处，无梦到徽州”，这是明代大戏剧家汤显祖留下的千古绝唱，它将古徽州描绘得如诗如画，令人魂牵梦绕、遐想无限。徽州汉时称为新安郡，唐代称歙州，直至宋徽宗宣和三年始改名“徽州”。至于缘何改名，清弘历《徽州府志》记载：“或云：徽，美也，故以为名。”古徽州一府六县所辖区域大体包括今安徽省的黟县、歙县、祁门县、休宁县、绩溪县和江西省的婺源县。明清时期徽商势力逐渐兴起，他们返乡后为煊赫地位、光宗耀祖，大兴土木，《歙县志》载：“商人致富后，重返故里．修祠堂、建园第，重楼宏丽。”由此，创造了震惊世界的徽派建筑文化。作为徽派民居的特色构件之一，徽州砖雕艺术在此时也得以极大兴盛。

The tile carving, one of three carvings of Huizhou, was the architecture ornaments of Huizhou by carving on graphite titles. The tile carving was called as door cover and used in decorating door or gate. This door cover was simple and more magnificent.