大塑性变形在金属材料块体成形中的研究现状

Research Status on Severe Plastic Deformation in Metal Materials Block Forming

大塑性变形(SPD)工艺为粉末、颗粒和切屑等金属材料的块体成形提供了有利的条件。分析了等通道转角挤压(ECAP)和高压扭转(HPT)工艺的固化原理,综述了其在金属粉末、金属基复合物、非晶粉末、切屑等材料固化成形及块体细化中的应用。从固化试样的微结构、强度、硬度、塑性和致密度等方面阐述了ECAP和HPT工艺是金属材料块体成形行之有效的方法,并提出致密度是今后纳米块体成形研究的重点。

Severe plastic deformation （SPD） technology provided advantage for block metal forming of powders, particles and machining chips. The consolidated principles of ECAP （Equal channel angular pressing） and HPT （ High pressure and torsion） technologies were analyzed. The applications of these technologies in the consolidation of metallic powders, composites, amorphous compounds and machining chips and block refinement were summarized. That ECAP and HPT technology is the effective method for block forming of metal material was expounded from microstructure, strength, hardness, plasticity and density of consolidated samples. And it was put forward that the density is the focus of future research of nanocrystalline block forming.