专业运动员成长路径研究——基于对浙江省专业运动员的调查

Study on the Growth Path of Professional Athletes ——Based on the Investigation of Professional Athletes in Zhejiang Province

通过对浙江省专业运动员的问卷调查建立数据库,运用因子分析与结构方程模型对专业运动员的始训原因、取得优异运动成绩的影响因素及其成长路径进行分析。结果发现:导致普通青少年参加竞技体育训练的主要有六大因子,依次为体育信息刺激因子、自我实现因子、身体技能因子、家庭影响因子、物质追求因子、机遇因子;自身驱动力、社会重要他者、国家政策与物质条件是影响运动员取得优异运动成绩的四大主要因子;运动成绩、身体机能、主观努力、教练水平、家庭阶层背景是青少年运动员成长为专业运动员的重要影响变量。

Establishing database based on questionnaire survey to professional athletes in Zhejiang, using factor analysis and Structural Equation Modeling, this paper researches the growth path of professional athletes, and analyzes the start training reasons and the influence factors for professional athletes to achieving the outstanding sports results. The results show that there are mainly six major factors leading to ordinary young people to participate in competitive sports training, that is, sports information stimulating factor, self-realization factor, physical skill factor, family factor, material pursuit factor, and opportunity factor in accordance with the descending order of influence. Self-impetus, social important other, state policies and material conditions are the four major factors for professional athletes to achieving the outstanding sports results. And the key variables which affect young athletes becoming professional athletes including sport performance, physical function, subjective efforts, coach＇s level, family and social class background.