北碚区2005-2012年流行性腮腺炎暴发疫情特征分析

Epidemiology of mumps outbreaks in Beibei district, 2005-2012

目的分析2005—2012年北碚区流行性腮腺炎暴发疫情特征，为制订流行性腮腺炎防控策略提供科学依据。方法采用描述性流行病学方法，对北碚区2005—2012年流行性腮腺炎暴发事件及关联病例进行分析。结果2005—2012年北碚区流行性腮腺炎年均发病率为80．51／10万；暴发事件27起，均发生在中小学校；暴发病例共1388例，占病例总数的34．80％。暴发呈双高峰分布，5、12月最多，疫情平均持续（70．5±25．8）d。82．35％的镇／街都出现过暴发，其中天生、歇马、北温泉三地暴发最多、最频繁。暴发病例中97．41％是学生，以7～12岁儿童为主，占74．71％。小学生罹患率为5．52％，高于中学生的1．99％；春季学期罹患率为5．33％，高于秋季学期的3．65％，差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论接种率低、未免疫人群积累是流行性腮腺炎高发且暴发不断的最主要原因，应强化对学生腮腺炎疫苗的接种查验，及时开展疫苗补种或实施强化免疫。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of the outbreaks of mumps in Beibei district of Chongqing from 2005 to 2012. Method Descriptive epidemiological analysis was conducted on the outbreaks data of mumps collected from China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention. Results A total of 27 outbreaks and 1 388 cases of mumps were reported accumulatively in Beibei district during 2005-2012,with the annual average incidence of 80.51/10S.The incidence peak of outbreaks were May and December,and the average time of duration of the outbreaks was（70.5±25.8）days. All outbreaks incidents were occurred in schools, and up to 74.71% of the cases occurred in children aged 7-12 years old.The attack rate in the students of the primary school with 5.52% was higher than the rate of the middle school,and which in autumn spring semester with 5.33% was higher than that in autumn semester. Conclusions The incidence of mumps in Beibei district was high,and outbreaks happened very often.It is necessary to improve the mumps vaccination rate for the children to reduce the outbreaks in school.