运动鞋摩擦特性的生物力学分析

Biomechanical Analysis of the Friction Characteristics of Sports Shoes

目的:通过人体测试的方法测量几款运动鞋的摩擦系数的相关指标,评估和检验这几款鞋在特定表面下的摩擦特性;方法:选取5款运动鞋(四种表面材料分别为:刚性、塑胶、木板和人造草皮)对30名大学生进行测试。通过Kistler测力台收集步行和跑步动作中的动力学参数。结果和结论:(1)摩擦系数曲线呈"S"形,在着地、离地瞬间各出现一个峰值,其中的第二个峰值是整个单支撑阶段的最大摩擦系数|CoFy|m;步行时的|CoFy|m值的出现时间为总周期的后10%左右,跑步时|CoFy|m值的出现时间约为总周期的后6%;(2)步行和跑步时,着地阶段产生最大摩擦系数与该阶段最大摩擦系数的时间比值,二者之间存在着一定的负相关关系,并且差异较大;离地阶段则显示为一定的正相关关系;(3)不同的运动鞋和表面之间摩擦特性区别很大,在设计运动鞋的时候应充分考虑运动表面的特性。(4)步行和跑步动作中摩擦特性区别很大,在设计运动鞋时需将运动形式作为一个重要的考量因素。

Objective： This research focuses on the friction characteristics of different shoes on different surfaces while walking and running by analyzing the friction coefficient and relative parameters. The target is to compare the fric- tion characteristics between different shoes and different surfaces. Methods ： 30 students wearing five different sport shoes are tested while walking or running on different surfaces of steel, plastic, wood and artificial grass. Kistler Force Plat- form is used to test their kinetic parameters. Results ： （ 1 ） while walking and running, the variation of friction coefficient is an ＂S＂ curve where two peaks appear at taking off and touching down period. The second peak is the maximum value of friction coefficient during the single - leg support phase I CoFy I m（ the absolute value of maximum friction coefficient along the movement direction） ; The walking I CoFylm appears at about late 10% of the whole period, while the running I CoFy I m , late 6% ; （2） There is negative correlation between maximum friction coefficient and its time ratio during the touching face, and this correlation is quite different between walking and running. During the taking off phase, there is positive correlation between these two indexes; （3） The friction characteristics of wearing different shoes on different surfaces are quite different. Therefore, it is important to consider the actual movement when analyzing the friction char- acteristics of sport shoes.